Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 0 0 2026 02 17 1554 1554 Hadi Rezaei Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Babak Mahmoudian Medical Radiation Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran Asra Sadat Talebi Medical Radiation Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2025 12 16 2025 12 26 Purpose: Beta-emitting radionuclides used in liver cancer therapy generate cytotoxic effects and Cherenkov radiation. This study aims to evaluate the potential of Cherenkov radiation to induce localized hyperthermia in hepatic tumors during radionuclide therapy. Materials and Methods: Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the GATE platform to model Cherenkov radiation transport and heat deposition in hepatic tumor tissue. The absorbed thermal dose was quantified using the integrated bioheat transfer model, allowing accurate voxel-level mapping of temperature distribution. Six beta-emitting radionuclides, including ³²P, ⁹⁰Y, ¹⁶⁶Ho, ¹⁸⁸Re, ¹⁷⁷Lu, and ¹³¹I, were evaluated to assess their potential for inducing thermal effects through Cherenkov radiation absorption during liver radionuclide therapy. Results: Among the radionuclides studied, ³²P and ⁹⁰Y generated the highest number of Cherenkov photons in the liver tumor, resulting in significant heat deposition and uniform tumor temperatures ranging from 41 to 49°C, consistent with mild hyperthermia and, in the case of ³²P, partial thermal ablation with approximately 20% of the tumor volume exceeding 60°C. ¹⁶⁶Ho induced moderate heating, raising tumor temperatures to around 41°C in most of the tumor volume. In contrast, radionuclides with lower beta energies, such as ¹⁷⁷Lu, ¹³¹I, and ¹⁸⁸Re, produced minimal Cherenkov photon emission, resulting in negligible thermal effects within the tumor. Conclusion: The integration of radionuclide therapy with Cherenkov radiation-induced hyperthermia presents a promising strategy for radiosensitization and thermal ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/1554 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/1554/555