Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 1 4 2014 12 30 284 291 EN Javad Hasani-Bidgoli Research Center of Biomedical Technology ad Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran AND School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Collage of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mousa Sadr Hosseini Department of ENT, Vali Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Safavi-Naeini Department of ENT, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran. Hooshang Saberi Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Brain and Spinal Injuries Repair Research Center (BASIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Jalal Sadeghi Research Center of Biomedical Technology ad Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Saeed Karimi-Fard Research Center of Biomedical Technology ad Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Habib Salimi Research Center of Biomedical Technology ad Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Alireza Ahmadian Research Center of Biomedical Technology ad Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran AND Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Farzam Farahmand Research Center of Biomedical Technology ad Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Saeed Sarkar Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 13 2015 10 13 Purpose: In this report, a thorough validation of PARSISS Image Guided Surgery has beenpresented. Methods: Different experiments have been designed to evaluate Parsiss navigation system under three main scopes: first, a phantom study using a sophisticated precise phantom with 732 landmarks was constructed by 3d printing with layers of 16 micron thickness and 0.1 mm precision; second, performing preclinical cadaver experiment with titanium placed markers; and third, clinical evaluation which was carried out on 957 cases from 2010 to 2014. Results: Results obtained from three evaluation methods showed that the system was foundreliable and usable. Briefly, the average registration error in PARSISS precise phantom test was reported lower than 2 mm this which is clinically acceptable and reasonable in neurosurgery and ENT surgeries. In clinical evaluation, surgeons approved the accuracy and reliability of the system in thorough clinical evaluation in 94% of cases of 957 patients. Conclusion: In this study, the results of all three approaches were positive and reliable. Especially, evaluations using a large number of patients showed that the PARSISS surgical navigation system has shown high level of reliability in clinical procedures. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/17 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/17/16