<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2345-5837</Issn>
      <Volume>8</Volume>
      <Issue>2</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>06</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Investigation of Auger Electron Emitting Radionuclides Effects in Therapy Using the Geant4-DNA Toolkit: A Simulation Study</title>
    <FirstPage>79</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>86</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Parvin</FirstName>
        <LastName>Ahmadi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mojtaba</FirstName>
        <LastName>Shamsaei Zafar Ghandi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Aliasghar</FirstName>
        <LastName>Shokri</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2020</Year>
        <Month>12</Month>
        <Day>22</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>02</Month>
        <Day>14</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Purpose: The biological effects of ionizing radiation at the cellular and subcellular scales are studied by the number of breaks in the DNA molecule that provides a quantitative description of the stochastic aspects of energy deposition at cellular scales. The Geant4 code represents a suitable theoretical toolkit in microdosimetry and nanodosimetry. In this study, radiation effects due to Auger electrons emitting radionuclides such as &#xA0; , , &#xA0;and are investigated using the Geant4-DNA.
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Materials and Methods: The Geant4-DNA is the first Open-access software for the simulation of ionizing radiation and biological damage at the DNA scale. Low-energy electrons, especially Auger electron from Auger electron emitting radionuclides during the slowing-down process, deposit their energy within a nanometer volume.
&#xD;

Results: The average number of Single-Strand Breaks (SSB) and Double-Strand Breaks (DSB) of DNA as a function of energy and distance from the center of the DNA axis are shown.
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Conclusion: The highest DSBs yield has occurred at energies less than 1 keV, and &#xA0;induces a higher DSBs yield.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/301</web_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
