Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 3 2023 06 01 349 369 EN Moosa Javdani 1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran Abolfazl Barzegar 2. Resident of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran 2022 09 20 2022 10 15 Abstract Purpose: The pathophysiological progression of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) includes primary and secondary injury. Secondary injury causes the destruction of the spinal cord tissue and neurological disorders. After primary mechanical damage, inflammation is the most important factor inducing astrogliosis and scar formation. The activation of inflammatory cells in the area of ​​damage causes the production of free radicals, all of which damage cell membranes. A significant level of oxygen free radical production is involved in the pathology of SCI; Therefore, limiting secondary damage is very important in the clinical treatment of acute traumatic spinal cord injury. Materials and Methods: In this review article, the articles indexed in various databases were used. The collection of articles was evaluated without time constraints using keywords inducing traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), inflammation, oxidative stress, chitosan, selenium nanoparticles. Results: Inflammation and oxygen free radicals play a key role in secondary damage after SCI. Therefore, as a new therapeutic approach, the use of - hydrogels based on chitosan has been considered in SCI. The biocompatibility and biological properties of chitosan have made it considered as a suitable material for nerve regeneration. Conclusion: The use of reactive oxygen species scavengers, including metal nanoparticles, can control inflammation and oxidative stress in spinal cord injuries. Selenium nanoparticles treatment may reduce secondary damage in SCI by using its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the use of selenium nanoparticles in the chitosan hydrogel bed can control the degeneration and functional improvement of the nerve tissue of the spinal cord. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/549 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/549/283