Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 1 2025 01 01 18 22 Ahmad Shoaa Haghighi School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Soroush Safari Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Elahe Oloumi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Hadis Jameei Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), Cognitive Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Gholam Ali Hossein Zadeh School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Abdol-Hossein Vahabie Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence (CIPCE), Cognitive Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2023 01 13 2023 04 13 Purpose: Reporting confidence after a decision-making task is widely used in the studies of metacognition, a cognitive factor usually defined as “thinking about thinking.” When people predict others’ behavior in risky situations, they consider various factors affecting others’ choices; at that point, they can determine how confident they are about their predictions about the other’s decision. Materials and Methods: This study investigates human neural activities in different confidence levels when participants predict others’ financial choices in a risky decision-making task. For this aim, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with behavioral tasks is used to demonstrate the neural representation of human confidence level about others’ possible choices. We scanned 21 healthy and normal participants in two separate sessions each containing three runs. Results: The results indicate that the frontal pole cortex (FPC), cingulate gyrus, and precuneus cortex activities are correlated with the confidence of people in their predictions (P<0.0005; cluster size, k>75). Using behavioral data, we found that When participants answer correctly, their confidence level as a metacognition factor increases simultaneously and vice versa. Conclusion: These key findings suggest that the brain's activities can represent subjects’ confidence level in predicting risky behaviors and show how metacognition in the theory of mind for prediction of others’ choices is represented in the brain’s activity. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/632 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/632/484