<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2345-5837</Issn>
      <Volume>2</Volume>
      <Issue>3</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2015</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Operation and Human Clinical Trials of RoboLens: an Assistant Robot for Laparoscopic Surgery</title>
    <FirstPage>184</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>190</LastPage>
    <Language>EN</Language>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Alireza</FirstName>
        <LastName>Mirbagheri</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical Physics &amp; Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Farzam</FirstName>
        <LastName>Farahmand</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran&#xD;
&#xD;
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Borna</FirstName>
        <LastName>Ghanadi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Keyvan</FirstName>
        <LastName>Amini Khoiy</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Sina</FirstName>
        <LastName>Porsa</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mohammad Javad</FirstName>
        <LastName>Shamsollahi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mohammad Hasan</FirstName>
        <LastName>Owlia</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Research Center for Biomedical Technologies and Robotics (RCBTR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran&#xD;
&#xD;
School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Faramarz</FirstName>
        <LastName>Karimian</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Karamallah</FirstName>
        <LastName>Toulabi</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2016</Year>
        <Month>04</Month>
        <Day>12</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2016</Year>
        <Month>04</Month>
        <Day>12</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Purpose- In this report, technical operation of &#x201C;RoboLens&#x201D; as an assistant robot for&#xA0;laparoscopic surgery has been illustrated.


Methods- First, the RoboLens&#xAE; mechanical mechanism and configuration of its
linkage, joints and actuators are illustrated. Then, the software and user interfaces of&#xA0;the robot are introduced. Next, its operation from start to end of a surgery has been&#xA0;evaluated. Also, a technical test for its trajectory tracking in a spherical coordinate&#xA0;has been performed using a standard optical tracking system. Finally, an overall&#xA0;report from more than 1000 human clinical trials in 2 hospitals is investigated.


Results- The robot was prepared for the operation in less than 30 Sec and started all&#xA0;the commanded movements including up, down, right, left, zoom-in or zoom-out&#xA0;of the screen in real time manner with less than 50 ms delay. Also, the trajectory&#xA0;tracking of the robot end effector on a spherical surface showed less than 1 mm&#xA0;error in the worst case.


Conclusion- Results of the evaluation of the RoboLens indicated that it has the
appropriate maneuvering capability as a robotic assistant for laparoscopic surgery&#xA0;in real human clinical trials</abstract>
    <web_url>https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/71</web_url>
    <pdf_url>https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/71/59</pdf_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
