Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 11 2 2024 03 31 158 161 Mahdie Izadpanah.K Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University,312000 Shaoxing, 508 West Huancheng Road, Yuecheng District, Zhejiang Province, China Ahmad Jalili Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Engineering, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran Mustafa Ghaderzadeh School of Nursing and Health Sciences of Boukan, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Mehdi Gheisari Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University,312000 Shaoxing, 508 West Huancheng Road, Yuecheng District, Zhejiang Province, China 2024 02 29 Over the last decade, there has been a notable and rapid advancement in artificial intelligence (AI), reflecting substantial progress in sophistication and problem-solving capabilities. This evolution has extended across various sectors, encompassing manufacturing, transportation, finance, education, and healthcare. Particularly noteworthy is AI's potential to drive progress in nuclear applications, science, and technology, raising ethical and legal considerations. This academic paper, titled "AI in Nuclear Medical Applications: Challenges and Opportunities," undertakes a thorough exploration of the intricate relationship between AI and nuclear technology. Moving beyond a simple acknowledgment of AI's current capabilities, the paper delves into the nuanced landscape of challenges and opportunities within the realm of nuclear medical applications. It meticulously examines the ethical and legal dimensions inherent in this symbiotic relationship, emphasizing responsible and accountable utilization of AI in the nuclear domain. The research focal point is the strategic deployment of AI capabilities in nuclear medicine, highlighting potential positive contributions to address contemporary challenges. From optimizing medical imaging methodologies to facilitating disease theranostics, the paper critically evaluates the transformative impact of AI on nuclear medical applications. By elucidating specific areas where AI has already demonstrated improvements, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape. Keywords include Artificial Intelligence, Radiomics, Radiotherapy, Medical Imaging, Radiopharmacy, and Disease Theranostics. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/955 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/955/389