Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 2 2023 02 25 109 111 Hamid Bouraghi Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Ali Mohammadpour Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Taleb Khodaveisi Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Marjan Ghazisaeedi Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Soheila Saeedi Department of Health Information Management and Medical Informatics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2022 09 16 2022 11 20 No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/548 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/548/310

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 2 2023 02 25 112 119 Hamidreza Talari Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Yaser Hamidian Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Elaheh Askari Moghadam Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Mohsen Razavizadeh Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran Gholamabbas Moosavi Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran 2022 03 18 2022 04 25 Purpose: Fatty liver is the most common chronic liver disease, and finding the appropriate method for detecting the problem is necessary. The current study aimed to quantity liver steatosis using Computed Tomography (CT), ultrasound images, and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) blood test. Materials and Methods: In this work, 163 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) patients implemented CT and ultrasound images on their abdomen regions. The liver and spleen density were calculated using CT images (as the standard method), and then the patients were divided into mild, and moderate to severe groups. During the sonography, an M-value histogram of the liver and the right kidney was drawn and their ratio (liver/kidney) was considered as a Hepatorenal Index (HRI). Mann-Whitney test was used to evaluate the relationships between HRI and ALT values. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the liver density in CT scans were obtained as 51 ± 4 HU. The HRI had better performance (Area Under the Curve, AUC: 0.94) than the ALT (AUC: 0.88) in determining liver steatosis. In addition, there was a significant difference between the mild, and moderate to severe groups (P < 0.001) in HRI and ALT values. Conclusion: Based on the results, HRI is an excellent factor to distinguish between mild, and moderate to severe fatty liver. Notably, HRI is reproducible and operator-independent. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/474 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/474/312

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 2 2023 03 15 221 233 EN Mohammad Taghi Kheirkhah Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Behesti University, Tehran, Iran Masoud Shekarro Department of Psychology and Special Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Zahra Mirchi Department of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Shahriar Gharibzadeh Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 2022 02 21 2022 06 13 Studies conducted on both normal and abnormal samples have shown transcranial brain stimulation to be effective in improving cognitive functioning. Meanwhile, the behavioral training of cognitive skills has been found to be effective as well. To enhance or rehabilitate core cognitive processes, neuropsychologists and clinicians usually use either one of these or a combination of both. In this study, we reviewed the literature to investigate the effects of brain stimulation alone or combined with cognitive training on attention and working memory. It was concluded that the combined method can be more effective than brain stimulation alone. However, there is no sufficient evidence to make a conclusive statement. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/468 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/468/318

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 2 2023 03 15 120 131 EN Zahra Hossein-Nejad Islamic Azad University, Sirjan branch Mehdi Nasri Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishar branch 2022 02 10 2022 05 08 Purpose: The process of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) image registration is one of the important branches in MRI image analysis, which is a necessary pre-processing to use the information in these images. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for MRI image registration that can maintain the total number of initial matches and have the highest precision. Materials and Methods: The Clustered Redundant Keypoint Elimination Method-Scale Invariant Feature Transform (CRKEM-SIFT) algorithm has recently been introduced to eliminate redundancies and upgrade the correspondence precision. The disadvantages of this algorithm include the high execution time and the number of incorrect correspondences. In this paper, to increase the accuracy and speed of MRI image registration, the CRKEM method is first used over the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) algorithm. Then, Spatial Relations Correspondence (SRC) and Alpha-Trimmed Spatial Relations Correspondence (ATSRC) methods are suggested to improve correspondences. These suggested methods, unlike conventional methods such as Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC(, which only eliminates incorrect correspondences, detect incorrect correspondences based on spatial relationships and turn them into correct correspondences. Converting incorrect correspondences to correct ones can increase the number of correct correspondences and ultimately increase the precision of correspondences. Results: The simulation results show that the suggested CRKEMSURF-ATSRC approach improves the mean by 28.92% in terms of precision and 37.58% in SITMMC compared to those of the SIFT-ARANSAC method. Conclusion: The suggested SRC and ATSRC methods use the spatial relations of the initial correspondences to convert the incorrect correspondences into correct ones. The number of initial correspondences is maintained in these suggested approaches. These methods are better than other methods of improving correspondences such as RANSAC, and Graph Transformation Matching (GTM). These suggested methods can be used as a new and efficient approach to improve the correspondence of medical images. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/459 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/459/316

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 2 2022 12 10 132 139 Nader Asadian Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Taha Jadidi Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Majid Jadidi Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences 2022 03 14 2022 04 28 Purpose: Numerous studies have described the effect of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) in the promotion of Bone Marrow Stem Cell (BMSC) differentiation. We aimed to investigate the influence of frequency (10 and 100 Hz) and different pulse shapes (sine, rectangular, and triangular) of EMF on rats' BMSCs. Materials and Methods: The BMSCs in 6 groups were exposed to EMF for 1 h/ 7 days. The BMSCs viability was estimated by the MTT test. The cresyl violet labeled the Nissl bodies, and the silver nitrate staining was done to evaluate the BMSCs nucleoli Ag Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs). Results: The MTT test verified that EMF and pulse shape did not affect cell viability. In Nissl bodies staining most of the large neurons were related to the rectangular 10 Hz EMF group. The majority of the differentiated BMSCs were astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte in the triangular 100 Hz EMF group. Although the silver nitrate staining confirmed the effect of 10 Hz EMF, pulse shape alteration did not affect AgNOR parameters. In conclusion, we presented a low-magnetic flux density EMF (400 µT) to assess the responses of BMSCs nuclei. Conclusion: The findings showed that BMSCs differentiation was frequency-dependent. Further investigations are recommended for recognizing the function of EMF on BMSCs. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/473 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/473/286

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 2 2022 12 10 140 149 Shukufeh Souri Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences Majid Jadidi Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences Hadi Hasanzadeh Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences Tahereh Khani Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences Vahid Semnani Department of pathology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences 2022 01 23 2022 04 19 Purpose: According to the side effects of invasive cancer treatments, Sonodynamic Therapy (SDT) as a noninvasive method for breast adenocarcinoma was considered. Sonosensitizer agents’ encapsulation can improve the accumulation of these drugs in the tumor tissue and reduce treatment side effects. Hence, mice breast adenocarcinoma SDT with Hematoporphyrin (HP) and HP-encapsulated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (HP-MSNs) was carried out. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six female breast adenocarcinoma grafted Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 16 groups (n = 6): control, sham, HP, HP-MSN, Ultrasound (US), SDT+HP, and SDT+HP-MSN groups. Sonosensitizer agents were injected intraperitoneally (2.5 or 5 mg/kg, 0.2 ml) 24h before an US radiation (1MHz, 1 or 2 W/cm2, 60 sec). The tumor growth parameters were evaluated 30 days after SDT. Results: The inhibition ratio was enhanced by 23, 18, 18, and 16% relative to the control group in HP-MSN (5 mg/kg), HP-MSN (2.5 mg/kg) HP (5 mg/kg) and US (2 W/cm2) groups, respectively, at 18 days after the injection time; whereas, the analysis of findings revealed an antitumor effect in SDT with HP-MSN groups. The Tumor Growth Inhibition (TGI) percentages were 45, 42, and 42% for the SDT (2 W/cm2) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg), SDT (1 W/cm2) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg), and SDT (2 W/cm2) + HP (2.5 mg/kg) groups, respectively, on the 18th day post-injection, and T2 and T5 times were higher than that of control and sham groups (P<0.05). The estimated 44-day survival time in the Kaplan-Meier test was 95% in the SDT (2 W/ cm2) + HP-MSN (5 mg/kg) treated group, which had moderately differentiated cells in tumor grading. Conclusion: Based on the findings, SDT with HP-encapsulated MSNs (5 mg/kg) has an antitumor effect on breast adenocarcinoma. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/456 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/456/285

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 2 2023 03 15 150 160 EN Nasireh Dayarian Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Ali Khadem Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. 2022 02 19 2022 05 28 Purpose: The Boundary Element (BE) and Finite Element (FE) methods are widely used numerical techniques to solve the Electroencephalography (EEG) forward problem. However, the FE Method (FEM) has difficulty in simulating current dipoles due to singularity, and the BE method (BEM) cannot simulate inhomogeneous and anisotropic conductivity profiles. Recently, a hybrid BE-FE method has been proposed to benefit from the advantages of both BEM and FEM in solving the EEG forward problem. Generally, the type of mesh may significantly influence the results of numerical EEG forward solvers and should be carefully studied. Materials and Methods: In this paper, the performance of the hybrid BE-FE method is compared with an approach of FEM (partial integration) using three types of meshes. The ground truth is the analytical EEG forward solutions obtained from inhomogeneous and isotropic/anisotropic four-layer spherical head models with dipoles of radial and tangential directions at four eccentricities. Results: The minimum mean of Relative Difference Measure (RDM) obtained from Partial Integration (PI)-FEM is 0.0596 at 70% source eccentricity while by using the hybrid BE-FE method it is improved to 0.0251 at the same eccentricity. On the other hand, the maximum mean of MAG obtained from PI-FEM is 0.6216 at 50% source eccentricity while it is improved to 0.9734 at the same eccentricity. Conclusion: The results show that the hybrid BE-FE method outperforms PI-FEM in solving the EEG forward problem using three types of meshes regarding RDM and MAG error criteria. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/467 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/467/317

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 10 2 2023 02 26 161 168 Reza Eghdam-Zamiri Medical Radiation Research Team, Tabriz University offferent hemoglobin concentrations, the intensities of transmitted light were found to be 3.14 mW, 2.26 mW, and 1.22 mW for normal, twice, and four times the concentration of hemoglobin in turn. Furthermore, when the test was conducted using CdSe@Ag2S QDs, the intensities of transmitted light were 1.83 mW, 2.52 mW, and 3.31 mW for the same hemoglobin concentrations, respectively. Conclusion: This study concludes that the combination of different hemoglobin concentrations with QDs enables the differentiation between healthy and cancerous blood, enabling the early detection of breast cancer during its initial stages of development. Early detection of breast cancer has significant potential for improving treatment outcomes in the field of oncology. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/958 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/958/392

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 4 2025 10 01 722 733 Mehdi Dehghani NPC Index Research Company, Tehran, Iran Vahid Asayesh NPCindex research company Majid Torabi Nikjeh NPC Index Research Company, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Akhtari Khosroshahi NPC Index Research Company, Tehran, Iran 2022 09 22 2023 01 29 Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of non-linear electroencephalography-based features in depression detection. Materials and Methods: First, the Electroencephalography (EEG) signal was recorded from 25 normal and 25 depressed subjects. After preprocessing these signals, non-linear features including the Sum of Logarithmic (SL) and second-order spectral Moment (2M) of the amplitudes of diagonal elements in the bispectrum, the normalized Entropy (En) of bispectrum in beta and gamma frequency bands, Katz Fractal Dimension (KFD), and Lempel-Ziv Complexity (LZC) are extracted from them. Then, the ability of these features in depression detection was investigated using Mann-Whitney statistical test. Also, the classification performance of significant features was evaluated using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results: The results of the statistical analysis demonstrate that bispectral 2M, SL, and KFD features show significant differences between depressed and healthy groups in the Eyes-Closed (EC) condition. Also, bispectral 2M and SL in the gamma frequency band show significant differences between the two groups in parietal and temporal regions in the EC condition and only in the temporal region in the Eyes-Open (EO) condition. Bispectral En does not show a significant difference in the whole 19 channel, but it shows significant differences in the frontal region and beta frequency band. Between these features, gamma bispectral 2M in the temporal region and EO condition shows the highest classification result with 78.6±7.2% accuracy. Conclusion: Findings confirm that bispectral 2M in the gamma frequency band and EO condition can classify depression and healthy subjects. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/554 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/554/531

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 4 2025 10 01 734 741 EN Shaima Jabbar Babylon Technical Institute, Al Furat Al Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq Abathar Aladi Babylon Health Directory Mirjan Teaching Hospital, Babylon, Iraq Heidar Abed Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Technologies, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah 51001, Babil, Iraq 2023 04 24 2024 04 19 Purpose: The concrete construction of the musculoskeletal modeling is efficiently performed using information obtained from patients rather than collected from cadavers. In this study, we have endeavored to propose an automated technique that calculates the skeletal muscle pennation angle of patient ultrasound images and compares it with manual evaluations of the same images. Materials and Methods: The proposed technique consists of three steps after the process of collecting the data from 30 volunteers of different muscles of the upper and lower limb. The first step is to improve the contrast in the image and identify the important details in the image through the use of two methods that depend on a fuzzy inference system, and this step is considered essential to prepare the image in the next step. The Hough Transform was used to follow the muscle fibers and draw them as lines, this is the second step. The third step is to calculate the angle and compare it with the manual evaluation that was done depending on the ultrasound machine options. Results: The results reveal that there is a slightly difference between manual and automated evaluations of pennation angle for biceps (upper limb muscle) and gastrocnemius (lower limb muscle) as 8.6% and 0.45% respectively. Furthermore, the manual assignment of pennation angles is significantly slower, taking minutes, while the automated approach takes only a few seconds. Automated measurements take 85% more time compared to manual measurements. Conclusion: There is no significant difference between measurements based on t-test. In future work, we aspire to a wider application of this technique to other muscles in the body and to activate it as an option available in the ultrasound device. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/689 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/689/458

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 4 2025 10 01 742 756 Arooj Nissar National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K A H Mir National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J&K 2023 09 02 2024 05 15 Lung cancer is a deadly disease which has high occurrence and death rates, worldwide. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging is being widely used by clinicians for detection of lung cancer. Radiomics extracted from medical images together with Machine Learning (ML) platform has given encouraging results in lung cancer diagnosis. Therefore, this study is proposed with the aim to efficiently apply and evaluate radiomics and ML techniques to classify pulmonary nodules in CT images. Lung Image Data Consortium is utilized in which nodules are given malignancy score 1 through 5 i.e. benign through malignant. Three scenarios are created randomly using these groups: G54 Vs G12, G543 Vs G12, and G54 Vs G123. Radiomics are extracted using Shape, Gray Level Co-occurrence Method, Gray Level Difference Method, and Gray Level Run Length Matrix along with Wavelet Packet Transform. To select a relevant set of features, four techniques i.e. Chi-square test, Analysis of variance, boosted ensemble classification tree and bagged ensemble classification tree are applied. The classification of nodule into benign or malignant is evaluated by using six models of Support vector machine. The results, in Scenario 1, show that MGSVM+Chi-square yields the best outcome compared to rest of the models with 75.3% accuracy, 77.9% sensitivity and 71.5% specificity. In Scenario 2, QSVM+Chi-square yields the best outcome compared to rest of the models with 74.7% accuracy, 70.3% sensitivity and 77.4% specificity. And in Scenario 3, CSVM+BACET yields comparatively better results with70.3% accuracy, 70.6% sensitivity and 62.1% specificity. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/814 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/814/434

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 4 2025 10 01 757 763 Hiba Al-Hameed Physics Department, College of Science for Women, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq Zainab Raad Salman Physics Department, College of Science for Women, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq Hayder Kadhim Essa Ministry of Health, Al-Rusafa Health Directorate, Alywia Hospital for Children, Baghdad, Iraq Mustafa Ibrahim Ahmed Aldulaimy Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq Hiyam A. Altaii Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq 2024 12 12 2025 03 10 Purpose: Adrenal adenomas are best detected and understood using a Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) scanner. When doing PET scans, the acquisition time of 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) absorption is crucial as it determines the diagnostic accuracy and quality of the images. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various acquisition periods to assess the efficacy of PET/CT in identifying adrenal adenomas (1.5 vs. 3 minutes). Materials and Methods: The research included 30 patients who were thought to have adrenal adenomas. Following the 18FDG injection, PET/CT imaging was performed on each patient using one of two distinct acquisition times: 1.5 or 3 minutes. The image quality was objectively evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale. Experienced nuclear medicine professionals used consensus reading to assess diagnostic performance for adrenal adenoma identification. Results: The preliminary findings showed that compared to the 1.5-minute acquisition technique, PET/CT imaging with a 3-minute duration after 18FDG injection produced considerably superior image quality (p < 0.05). In addition, the longer acquisition time significantly increased the chance of detecting the lesion more precisely, improving the visualisation and characterisation of adrenal adenomas. With greater sensitivity and specificity, the 3-minute acquisition methodology showed better diagnostic accuracy for adrenal adenoma identification than the 1.5-minute approach. Conclusion: The study suggests that extending the acquisition time to 3 minutes improves image quality and diagnostic performance for adrenal adenoma detection, potentially improving patient care by facilitating accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/1176 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/1176/504

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 4 2025 10 01 764 770 Inas Salman Department of prosthetic dentistry, College of Dentistry, Al-Mustansiriyah university. Baghdad, Iraq *Correspondence: Inas Abdul Sattar Salman, Email: inasabdulsattar4@gmail.com , ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-9130 2023 09 07 2023 11 14 Purpose: In this study, the fracture resistance of prosthetic screws was tested using abutments made of titanium, zirconia, and Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK) on dental implants. Materials and Methods: From Easy Implant by easy prod, France, dental implants with specified dimensions and prosthetic screws were purchased. Three different materials (Ti, Zr, and PEEK) were used for abutment preparation. The implant-abutment units were subjected to a constant vertical force using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) until the prosthetic abutment broke. The force that caused fracture was measured, and one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to statistically analyze the data. Results: For Titanium, Zirconia, and PEEK abutments, the mean fracture resistance (±standard deviation) was 727±31 N, 516±21 N, and 289±23 N, respectively. A substantial difference in fracture resistance was found between the various abutment materials according to the one-way ANOVA (p<.001). Zirconia showed much stronger fracture resistance than PEEK (p <0.05) and Titanium abutments demonstrated significantly higher resistance than both Zirconia and PEEK (p <0.01), according to post-hoc tests. Conclusion: The type of the material affects the fracture resistance and fracture pattern of the implant abutment. Titanium, Zirconia, and PEEK abutments show different fracture resistance. Titanium requires more force to be fractured while polyether ether ketone shows less required force. This may affect the prosthetic screw fracture and affect the longevity of the implant. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/824 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/824/409

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 4 2025 10 01 771 783 Maryam Khalid Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahdi Ghorbani Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Tajik-Mansoury Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Mohammad Mojahed Medical Physics Department, Radiation Oncology Center, Vali Asr Hospital, Qom, Iran. Mehdi Khosravi Medical Physics Department, Radiation Oncology Center, Vali Asr Hospital, Qom, Iran. Meysam Tavakoli Department of Radiation Oncology, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 2023 09 11 2024 08 19 Purpose: Lung cancer treatment often involves radiotherapy, which can lead to an increased risk of secondary cancers in sensitive organs and Organs At Risk (OARs). Understanding this risk is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and minimizing long-term adverse effects. The objective of this study is to estimate the Secondary Cancer Risks (SCRs) in sensitive organs and OARs using radiation-induced cancer risk prediction models, specifically the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII model and the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) model. Materials and Methods: The radiotherapy dosimetric data of 30 lung cancer patients were collected all of whom underwent Computed Tomography (CT) scans. The PCRT-3D Treatment Planning System (TPS) was used for the treatment planning process. The risks were calculated based on the dose distribution in the target volume. The models for Excess Absolute Risk (EAR) and Excess Relative Risk (ERR) values (per 100,000 person-year) were utilized to estimate SCRs in planning target volume, OARs, and sensitive organs. Results: The results indicate that, according to the BEIR VII model, the estimated EAR of cancer per 100,000 person-years was 38.39 in the heart, 35.83 in the esophagus, 5.49 in the contralateral lung, 2.17 in the liver, and 3.41 in the pancreas. Conversely, using the ICRP model, the EAR was calculated to be 58.73 in the heart, 38.78 in the esophagus, 20.48 in the contralateral lung, 3.49 in the liver, and 5.44 in the pancreas. These findings suggest that lung cancer patients treated with 3DCRT exhibit relatively high SCRs in the heart, esophagus, and contralateral lung organs in both models. Conclusion: In this study, SCRs in a range of organs in lung cancer patients treated with 3DCRT were quantified. Our findings revealed that there were comparatively high SCRs in the heart in 3DCRT of lung cancer patients. Based on the findings of the current investigation, the ICRP model SCRs are greater in comparison to the BEIR VII model. These findings underscore the importance of considering SCRs in treatment planning and highlight the need for further research to optimize radiation therapy strategies and minimize long-term risks for lung cancer patients. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/825 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/825/445

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 4 2025 10 01 784 792 Ali Azizi Ganjgah Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Payvand Taherparvar Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran 2023 12 23 2024 03 17 Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the biological effects of photon radiation and its potential for cancer treatment through targeted radiation therapy by studying direct and indirect DNA damage induced by 15, 30, and 50 keV photon radiation using Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo simulations. Materials and Methods: Two spherical cells (C and C2) and their cell nucleus were modeled in liquid water. An atomic DNA model constructed in the Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, containing 125,000 chromatin fibers, was placed inside the nucleus of the C2 cell. The number of direct and indirect single-strand breaks (SSBs), double-strand breaks (DSBs), and hybrid double-strand breaks (HDSB) in the C2 cell caused by 15, 30, and 50 keV photons were calculated for N2←CS, N2←Cy, N2←C, and N2←N Target←Source combinations, at the distances of 0, 2.5, and 5 μm between two cells. Results: Low energy (15 keV) photons emitted within the cell surface and the cell cytoplasm resulted in the highest DNA damage, producing markedly higher SSBs, DSBs, and HDSBs compared to the whole cell and the nucleus sources across 0-5 μm target distances. Increasing the photon energy to 30 and 50 keV showed 81-96% reduced DNA damage. Additionally, the 2.5 μm target distance decreased DSBs up to 53%. Conclusion: Based on the results, 15 keV photons are more effective for the inhibition or control of cancer cells. https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/view/910 https://fbt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/fbt/article/download/910/453

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies 2345-5837 12 4 2025 10 01 793 801 Shaima Jabbar Babylon Technical Institute, Al Furat Al Awsat Technical University, Kufa, Iraq 2024 02 02 2024 07 05 Purpose: Monitoring disease development or viruses that invade our bodies, such as Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19), can be effectively carried out using Computed Tomography (CT) imaging tools. However, manual assessment of CT images by consultants is often insufficient for determining the extent of lung damage in COVID-19 patients. Automated evaluation of lung damage addresses this limitation by optimizing healthcare resource utilization. It reduces the workload on radiologists, allowing them to concentrate on more complex cases. Additionally, it ensures accurate and consistent assessments of lung damage, minimizing variability and the potential for human error inherent in manual evaluations. Materials and Methods: In this study, a new approach was presented for improving CT images of the lung and specifying further lesions. This will help calculate the extent of damage without human intervention. The structure of the proposed technique draws upon four phases (data collection, improvement, segmentation and extraction lung damage region and evaluation). Firstly, 100 patients were recruited between September 29 2