Monte Carlo Simulation of Radioactive Elements Production in Tissues by Spallation in Cancer Therapy
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Abstract
Purpose: High-energy heavy ions generated by accelerators utilized in industrial and medical uses. Ar, C, and He heavy ions have been used in the treatment of cancer. In this research, it was tried to calculate the radioactive elements production in healthy tissues around tumors by heavy ions spallation process in the direct usage of high-energy ions for the treatment of cancerous tumors.
Materials and Methods: The radioactive elements production in body tissues irradiated with heavy ions was calculated by Monte Carlo N Particle X-version (MCNPX) code based on the Monte Carlo method. The F8 tally card with FT8 command was utilized to derive the activation and spallation data in the range of Z1 to Z2 atomic numbers.
Results: A wide range of radioactive elements was created in healthful tissues in Ne, C, Ar, and He heavy ions therapy. Results show that 10Be,14C, 26Al, 36Cl, 39Ar, 40K, 39Ar, 32Si, 22Na, and 36Cl radioactive materials were produced for high-energy heavy ions spallation in healthy soft tissue.
Conclusion: The results of this research show that due to using directly high-energy ions to treat internal tumors, healthy soft tissue is activated. Also, by irradiated Ne, C, Ar, and He ions, the radioactive elements are produced with high gains and long half-lives. Therefore, in the therapy of cancerous tumors with high-energy ions, due to the production of radioactive agents, healthy tissues are at high risk.
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31- Sergio Anéfalos, Airton Deppman, Gilson da Silva, José Rubens Maiorino, A dos Santos, and F Garcia, "Development of the CRISP package for spallation studies and accelerator-driven systems." Nuclear science and engineering, Vol. 151 (No. 1), pp. 82-87, (2005).
32- Mehdi Hassanpour, Marzieh Hassanpour, Mohammadreza Rezaie, Saeedeh Khezripour, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, and Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, "The application of graphene/h-BN metamaterial in medical linear accelerators for reducing neutron leakage in the treatment room." Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, Vol. 46 (No. 3), pp. 1023-32, (2023).
33- Adrien Sari, "Characterization of photoneutron fluxes emitted by electron accelerators in the 4–20 MeV range using Monte Carlo codes: A critical review." Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 191p. 110506, (2023).
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35- Yuma Takebuchi, Masanori Koshimizu, Takumi Kato, Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, and Takayuki Yanagida, "Effect of Tm doping on photoluminescence, scintillation, and thermally stimulated luminescence properties of MgAl2O4 single crystals." Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 251p. 119247, (2022).
2- Gabriela Kramer-Marek and Jacek Capala, "The role of nuclear medicine in modern therapy of cancer." Tumor Biology, Vol. 33 (No. 3), pp. 629-40, (2012).
3- Xiaomei Wang, Juan Xiao, and Guiqin Jiang, "Real time medical data monitoring and iodine 131 treatment of thyroid cancer nursing analysis based on embedded system." Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol. 81p. 103660, (2021).
4- Emile Gogineni, Beatrice Bloom, Ferney Diaz Molina, Jeannine Villella, and Anuj Goenka, "Radiotherapy dose escalation on pelvic lymph node control in patients with cervical cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer, Vol. 31 (No. 4) , (2021).
5- Zahra Kayani et al., "Combating cancer by utilizing noble metallic nanostructures in combination with laser photothermal and X-ray radiotherapy." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Vol. 65p. 102689, (2021).
6- Yafu Lin, Guohui Huang, Yong Huang, Tzuen‐Rong Jeremy Tzeng, and Douglas Chrisey, "Effect of laser fluence in laser‐assisted direct writing of human colon cancer cell." Rapid Prototyping Journal, (2010).
7- Rodrigue S Allodji et al., "Role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the risk of leukemia after childhood cancer: an international pooled analysis." International journal of cancer, Vol. 148 (No. 9), pp. 2079-89, (2021).
8- PA Jablonska et al., "Intraoperative electron beam radiotherapy and perioperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy in previously irradiated oligorecurrent gynecological cancer: clinical outcome analysis." Clinical and Translational Oncology, Vol. 23 (No. 9), pp. 1934-41,(2021).
9- Pierre Loap and Youlia Kirova, "Fast neutron therapy for breast cancer treatment: an effective technique sinking into oblivion." Vol. 7, ed: Elsevier, , pp. 61-64, (2021).
10- Son Long Ho et al., "In vivo neutron capture therapy of cancer using ultrasmall gadolinium oxide nanoparticles with cancer-targeting ability." RSC Advances, Vol. 10 (No. 2), pp. 865-74 ,(2020).
11- Yu-Jiuan Chen and Arthur C Paul, "Compact proton accelerator for cancer therapy." in 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC),: IEEE, pp. 1787-89, (2007).
12- JM Schippers et al., "The use of protons in cancer therapy at PSI and related instrumentation." in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, , Vol. 41 (No. 1): IOP Publishing, p. 005, (2006).
13- Marlies Pasler, Dietmar Georg, Holger Wirtz, and Johannes Lutterbach, "Effect of photon-beam energy on VMAT and IMRT treatment plan quality and dosimetric accuracy for advanced prostate cancer." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie, Vol. 187 (No. 12), pp. 792-98, (2011).
14- Wen-Shan Liu, Sheng-Pin Changlai, Lung-Kwang Pan, Hsien-Chun Tseng, and Chien-Yi Chen, "Thermal neutron fluence in a treatment room with a Varian linear accelerator at a medical university hospital." Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 80 (No. 9), pp. 917-22, (2011).
15- John Daniel Schneible, A Material Toolbox for Advanced Therapeutics. North Carolina State University, (2020).
16- Yolanda Prezado et al., "A potential renewed use of very heavy ions for therapy: neon minibeam radiation therapy." Cancers, Vol. 13 (No. 6), p. 1356, (2021).
17- Yaser Kasesaz, Hossein Khalafi, and Faezeh Rahmani, "Design of an epithermal neutron beam for BNCT in thermal column of Tehran research reactor." Annals of Nuclear Energy, Vol. 68pp. 234-38, (2014).
18- MN Anikin, II Lebedev, AG Naymushin, and NV Smolnikov, "Feasibility study of using IRT-T research reactor for BNCT applications." Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 166p. 109243, (2020).
19- Wolfgang Sauerwein, Raymond Moss, Finn Stecher-Rasmussen, Jürgen Rassow, and Andrea Wittig, "Quality management in BNCT at a nuclear research reactor." Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 69 (No. 12), pp. 1786-89, (2011).
20- AM Hassanein, MH Hassan, Nader MA Mohamed, and MA Abou Mandour, "An optimized epithermal BNCT beam design for research reactors." Progress in Nuclear Energy, Vol. 106pp. 455-64, (2018).
21- Hui-Gan Cheng and Zhao-Qing Feng, "Light fragment and neutron emission in high-energy proton induced spallation reactions." Chinese Physics C, Vol. 45 (No. 8), p. 084107, (2021).
22- Abdessamad Didi, Ahmed Dadouch, Mohamed Bencheikh, Otman Jaï, and Otman El Hajjaji, "New study of various target neutron yields from spallation reactions using a high-energy proton beam." International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology, Vol. 13 (No. 2), pp. 120-37, (2019).
23- James C Liu and CS Sims, "Mixed field peronnel dosimetry: Part 1, High temperature peak characteristics of the reader-annealed TLD-600." Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA (United States), (1991).
24- Jaeg-Won Yoo, "Neutron production from spallation reactions." in Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference, (1998): Korean Nuclear Society, pp. 65-65.
25- F Borne et al., "Experimental studies of spallation on thin target." CEA/DAM-Ile de France, (2000).
26- Paul Zakalek, Paul-Emmanuel Doege, Johannes Baggemann, Eric Mauerhofer, and Thomas Brückel, "Energy and target material dependence of the neutron yield induced by proton and deuteron bombardment." in EPJ Web of Conferences, , Vol. 231: EDP Sciences, p. 03006, (2020).
27- Alexey Stankovsky, Masaki Saito, Vladimir Artisyuk, Anatolii Shmelev, and Yuri Korovin, "Accumulation and transmutation of spallation products in the target of accelerator-driven system." Journal of nuclear science and technology, Vol. 38 (No. 7), pp. 503-10, (2001).
28- Masakazu Washio et al., "Fabrication of nano space controlled materials using high-energy heavy ion irradiation." (2011).
29- CE Aalseth, L Abadie, R Abbiati, and M Abolins, " Index [Revised] IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science Vol. 53, 2006."
30- S Khezripour, A Negarestani, and MR Rezaie, "Investigating the response of Micromegas detector to low-energy neutrons using Monte Carlo simulation." Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 12 (No. 08), p. P08007, (2017).
31- Sergio Anéfalos, Airton Deppman, Gilson da Silva, José Rubens Maiorino, A dos Santos, and F Garcia, "Development of the CRISP package for spallation studies and accelerator-driven systems." Nuclear science and engineering, Vol. 151 (No. 1), pp. 82-87, (2005).
32- Mehdi Hassanpour, Marzieh Hassanpour, Mohammadreza Rezaie, Saeedeh Khezripour, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, and Mayeen Uddin Khandaker, "The application of graphene/h-BN metamaterial in medical linear accelerators for reducing neutron leakage in the treatment room." Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine, Vol. 46 (No. 3), pp. 1023-32, (2023).
33- Adrien Sari, "Characterization of photoneutron fluxes emitted by electron accelerators in the 4–20 MeV range using Monte Carlo codes: A critical review." Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Vol. 191p. 110506, (2023).
34- S Khezripour, N Zarei, and MR Rezaie, "Estimation of granite radiation hazards of Deh Siahan village in Rafsanjan city." Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 17 (No. 08), p. T08011, (2022).
35- Yuma Takebuchi, Masanori Koshimizu, Takumi Kato, Daisuke Nakauchi, Noriaki Kawaguchi, and Takayuki Yanagida, "Effect of Tm doping on photoluminescence, scintillation, and thermally stimulated luminescence properties of MgAl2O4 single crystals." Journal of Luminescence, Vol. 251p. 119247, (2022).
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How to Cite
1.
Rezaie Rayeni Nejad MR, Khezripour S, Nouraddini A. Monte Carlo Simulation of Radioactive Elements Production in Tissues by Spallation in Cancer Therapy. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2024;.
