Effects of Near-Infrared Laser Biostimulation on Bone Cells Number and Activity during Orthodontic Therapy: An Animal Study
,
Abstract
Purpose: Laser photobiostimulation has recently gained recognition as a non-invasive and effective technique for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and enhancing bone healing. This article evaluates the effects of laser biostimulation at an energy density of 15.9 Joules/cm² on the amount of orthodontic movement and its impact at the histological level.
Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male albino rabbits were randomly chosen to form two groups (n=15 per group): a Control (C) and a Laser Treatment (LT) group. The LT group received laser treatment for three weeks at 976 ± 10 nm and an energy density of 15.9 Joules/cm². Laser irradiation was applied to four specific spots on the lower incisors for 80 seconds, administered on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, 16, 18, and 20. Five rabbits from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days for subsequent analysis.
Results: The amount of orthodontic movement, the extent of osteogenesis, osteoblasts, and osteoclast counts were significantly larger in the laser-exposed group than in the unexposed group. Notably, bone alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b activity significantly increased, particularly at two weeks relative to the control group.
Conclusion: Laser biostimulation offered evidence of improved parameters of teeth movement, providing insight to enhance the orthodontic therapy outcome.
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29- J. Zhong, X. Zhang, Y. Ruan, and Y. Huang, "Photobiomodulation therapy's impact on angiogenesis and osteogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement: in vitro and in vivo study." (in eng), BMC Oral Health, Vol. 24 (No. 1), p. 147, Jan 31 (2024).
30- A. Amaroli, E. Colombo, A. Zekiy, S. Aicardi, S. Benedicenti, and N. De Angelis, "Interaction between Laser Light and Osteoblasts: Photobiomodulation as a Trend in the Management of Socket Bone Preservation-A Review." (in eng), Biology (Basel), Vol. 9 (No. 11), Nov 23 (2020).
31- G. S. Furtado, V. Martin, R. Araújo, P. S. Gomes, and A. D. N. Lago, "Osteoinductive activity of photobiomodulation in an organotypic bone model." (in eng), Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, Vol. 45p. 103936, Feb (2024).
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33- I. Bourouni, K. Kyriakidou, I. Fourmousis, I. A. Vrotsos, and I. K. Karoussis, "Low Level Laser Therapy With an 810-nm Diode Laser Affects the Proliferation and Differentiation of Premature Osteoblasts and Human Gingival Fibroblasts In Vitro." (in eng), J Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 12p. e33, (2021).
34- L. N. S. Ribeiro et al., "Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) improves alveolar bone healing in rats." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 37 (No. 2), pp. 961-69, Mar (2022).
35- Angela Dominguez, Castro P, and Morales M, "An in vitro Study of the reaction of Human Osteoblasts to low-level laser irradiation." Journal of Oral laser Applications, Vol. 9pp. 21-28, 01/01 (2009).
36- D. Agas, R. Hanna, S. Benedicenti, N. De Angelis, M. G. Sabbieti, and A. Amaroli, "Photobiomodulation by Near-Infrared 980-nm Wavelengths Regulates Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation and Viability through the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 Pathway." (in eng), Int J Mol Sci, Vol. 22 (No. 14), Jul 15 (2021).
37- Yong J, Gröger S, von B J, Martins Marques M, Braun A, Chen X, et al. "Photobiomodulation therapy assisted orthodontic tooth movement: potential implications, challenges, and new perspectives." Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 957–973, (2023).
38- L. Wang, C. Liu, and F. Wu, "Low-level laser irradiation enhances the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs via BMP signaling." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 37 (No. 2), pp. 941-48, Mar (2022).
39- A. Domínguez and S. A. Velásquez, "Acceleration of Dental Movement by Photobiomodulation: How Does It Happen?" (in eng), Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg, Vol. 39 (No. 6), pp. 379-80, Jun (2021).
40- C. Y. Huang, H. H. T. Le, H. C. Tsai, C. H. Tang, and J. H. Yu, "The effect of low-level laser therapy on osteoclast differentiation: Clinical implications for tooth movement and bone density." (in eng), J Dent Sci, Vol. 19 (No. 3), pp. 1452-60, Jul (2024).
41- S. N. Tabatabaei, M. Hodjat, N. Hakimiha, M. S. A. Akhoundi, and M. J. Kharazifard, "In Vitro Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy with 980 nm Diode Laser on Gene Expression of Key Regulators of Bone Remodeling by Human Periodontal Ligament Cells under Mild Orthodontic Forces." (in eng), Photochem Photobiol, Vol. 99 (No. 6), pp. 1448-55, Nov-Dec (2023).
2- J. Zheng and K. Yang, "Clinical research: low-level laser therapy in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement." (in eng), BMC Oral Health, Vol. 21 (No. 1), p. 324, Jun 28 (2021).
3- S. Yassaei, H. Aghili, J. T. Afshari, A. Bagherpour, and F. Eslami, "Effects of diode laser (980 nm) on orthodontic tooth movement and interleukin 6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid in female subjects." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 31 (No. 9), pp. 1751-59, Dec (2016).
4- B. A. Altan, O. Sokucu, M. M. Ozkut, and S. Inan, "Metrical and histological investigation of the effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic tooth movement." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 27 (No. 1), pp. 131-40, Jan (2012).
5- X. Wang, Q. Liu, J. Peng, W. Song, J. Zhao, and L. Chen, "The Effects and Mechanisms of PBM Therapy in Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement." (in eng), Biomolecules, Vol. 13 (No. 7), Jul 17 (2023).
6- H. H. Al-Fakhry and N. M. Al-Sayagh, "Effects of Injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) on reduction of relapse after orthodontic tooth movement: Rabbits model study." (in eng), J Orthod Sci, Vol. 11p. 10, (2022).
7- S. E. Üretürk, M. Saraç, S. Fıratlı, B. Can Ş, Y. Güven, and E. Fıratlı, "The effect of low-level laser therapy on tooth movement during canine distalization." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 32 (No. 4), pp. 757-64, May (2017).
8- G. Genc, I. Kocadereli, F. Tasar, K. Kilinc, S. El, and B. Sarkarati, "Effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on orthodontic tooth movement." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 28 (No. 1), pp. 41-7, Jan (2013).
9- F. Y. Eid, W. A. El-Kenany, M. I. Mowafy, and A. R. El-Kalza, "The influence of two photobiomodulation protocols on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (a randomized controlled clinical trial)." (in eng), BMC Oral Health, Vol. 22 (No. 1), p. 221, Jun 5 (2022).
10- M. Goymen and A. Gulec, "Effect of photobiomodulation therapies on the root resorption associated with orthodontic forces: a pilot study using micro computed tomography." (in eng), Clin Oral Investig, Vol. 24 (No. 4), pp. 1431-38, Apr (2020).
11- Al jumaili K A Al sayagh N M, Al sadi H I, "Effect of Local Injection of 1,25-Dihydroxy cholecalciferol, Mechanical Vibration and Low Level Laser Therapy on the Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rabbits." PH D Dissertation Dissertation, Mosul University, College of Dentistry, Mosul University, College of Dentistry, (2017).
12- S. S. Suzuki, A. S. Garcez, H. Suzuki, E. Ervolino, W. Moon, and M. S. Ribeiro, "Low-level laser therapy stimulates bone metabolism and inhibits root resorption during tooth movement in a rodent model." (in eng), J Biophotonics, Vol. 9 (No. 11-12), pp. 1222-35, Dec (2016).
13- H. Baser Keklikci, A. Yagci, A. H. Yay, and O. Goktepe, "Effects of 405-, 532-, 650-, and 940-nm wavelengths of low-level laser therapies on orthodontic tooth movement in rats." (in eng), Prog Orthod, Vol. 21 (No. 1), p. 43, Dec 1 (2020).
14- H. Baser Keklikci and A. Yagci, "Effects of different wavelengths of low-level laser therapy on orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in rats investigated with micro-computerized tomography." (in eng), Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, Vol. 159 (No. 3), pp. e245-e51, Mar (2021).
15- S. Magaki, S. A. Hojat, B. Wei, A. So, and W. H. Yong, "An Introduction to the Performance of Immunohistochemistry." (in eng), Methods Mol Biol, Vol. 1897pp. 289-98, (2019).
16- Layton C. Bancroft J.D Suvarna K S., Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques E-Book. ( ). Elsevier Health Sciences, Google Books, (2018), p. 573.
17- M. P. Jammal et al., "Immunohistochemical staining of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 in benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms." (in eng), Oncol Lett, Vol. 9 (No. 2), pp. 979-83, Feb (2015).
18- J. Hernández-Rodríguez et al., "Tissue production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-6) correlates with the intensity of the systemic inflammatory response and with corticosteroid requirements in giant-cell arteritis." (in eng), Rheumatology (Oxford), Vol. 43 (No. 3), pp. 294-301, Mar (2004).
19- L. F. Hsu et al., "970 nm low-level laser affects bone metabolism in orthodontic tooth movement." (in eng), J Photochem Photobiol B, Vol. 186pp. 41-50, Sep (2018).
20- L. Hochman, "Photobiomodulation Therapy in Veterinary Medicine: A Review." (in eng), Top Companion Anim Med, Vol. 33 (No. 3), pp. 83-88, Sep (2018).
21- M. M. Jawad, A. Husein, M. K. Alam, R. Hassan, and R. Shaari, "Overview of non-invasive factors (low level laser and low intensity pulsed ultrasound) accelerating tooth movement during orthodontic treatment." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 29 (No. 1), pp. 367-72, Jan (2014).
22- M. K. Alam, "Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Evaluation of Bony Changes via 3DCBCT." (in eng), Children (Basel), Vol. 10 (No. 2), Feb 15 (2023).
23- Y. Y. Huang, S. K. Sharma, J. Carroll, and M. R. Hamblin, "Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy - an update." (in eng), Dose Response, Vol. 9 (No. 4), pp. 602-18, (2011).
24- S. Fujita, M. Yamaguchi, T. Utsunomiya, H. Yamamoto, and K. Kasai, "Low-energy laser stimulates tooth movement velocity via expression of RANK and RANKL." (in eng), Orthod Craniofac Res, Vol. 11 (No. 3), pp. 143-55, Aug (2008).
25- H. Yang, J. Liu, and K. Yang, "Comparative Study of 660 and 830 nm Photobiomodulation in Promoting Orthodontic Tooth Movement." (in eng), Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg, Vol. 37 (No. 6), pp. 349-55, Jun (2019).
26- M. Yamaguchi et al., "Low-energy laser irradiation facilitates the velocity of tooth movement and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and alpha(v) beta(3) integrin in rats." (in eng), Eur J Orthod, Vol. 32 (No. 2), pp. 131-9, Apr (2010).
27- M. M. J. Alazzawi et al., "Effect of low level laser and low intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement in rats." (in eng), Prog Orthod, Vol. 19 (No. 1), p. 10, Apr 16 (2018).
28- B. Chang et al., "The Effects of Photobiomodulation on MC3T3-E1 Cells via 630 nm and 810 nm Light-Emitting Diode." (in eng), Med Sci Monit, Vol. 25pp. 8744-52, Nov 19 (2019).
29- J. Zhong, X. Zhang, Y. Ruan, and Y. Huang, "Photobiomodulation therapy's impact on angiogenesis and osteogenesis in orthodontic tooth movement: in vitro and in vivo study." (in eng), BMC Oral Health, Vol. 24 (No. 1), p. 147, Jan 31 (2024).
30- A. Amaroli, E. Colombo, A. Zekiy, S. Aicardi, S. Benedicenti, and N. De Angelis, "Interaction between Laser Light and Osteoblasts: Photobiomodulation as a Trend in the Management of Socket Bone Preservation-A Review." (in eng), Biology (Basel), Vol. 9 (No. 11), Nov 23 (2020).
31- G. S. Furtado, V. Martin, R. Araújo, P. S. Gomes, and A. D. N. Lago, "Osteoinductive activity of photobiomodulation in an organotypic bone model." (in eng), Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, Vol. 45p. 103936, Feb (2024).
32- C. S. Santinoni et al., "Bone marrow coagulated and low-level laser therapy accelerate bone healing by enhancing angiogenesis, cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization." (in eng), J Biomed Mater Res A, Vol. 109 (No. 6), pp. 849-58, Jun (2021).
33- I. Bourouni, K. Kyriakidou, I. Fourmousis, I. A. Vrotsos, and I. K. Karoussis, "Low Level Laser Therapy With an 810-nm Diode Laser Affects the Proliferation and Differentiation of Premature Osteoblasts and Human Gingival Fibroblasts In Vitro." (in eng), J Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 12p. e33, (2021).
34- L. N. S. Ribeiro et al., "Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) improves alveolar bone healing in rats." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 37 (No. 2), pp. 961-69, Mar (2022).
35- Angela Dominguez, Castro P, and Morales M, "An in vitro Study of the reaction of Human Osteoblasts to low-level laser irradiation." Journal of Oral laser Applications, Vol. 9pp. 21-28, 01/01 (2009).
36- D. Agas, R. Hanna, S. Benedicenti, N. De Angelis, M. G. Sabbieti, and A. Amaroli, "Photobiomodulation by Near-Infrared 980-nm Wavelengths Regulates Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation and Viability through the PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 Pathway." (in eng), Int J Mol Sci, Vol. 22 (No. 14), Jul 15 (2021).
37- Yong J, Gröger S, von B J, Martins Marques M, Braun A, Chen X, et al. "Photobiomodulation therapy assisted orthodontic tooth movement: potential implications, challenges, and new perspectives." Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 957–973, (2023).
38- L. Wang, C. Liu, and F. Wu, "Low-level laser irradiation enhances the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs via BMP signaling." (in eng), Lasers Med Sci, Vol. 37 (No. 2), pp. 941-48, Mar (2022).
39- A. Domínguez and S. A. Velásquez, "Acceleration of Dental Movement by Photobiomodulation: How Does It Happen?" (in eng), Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg, Vol. 39 (No. 6), pp. 379-80, Jun (2021).
40- C. Y. Huang, H. H. T. Le, H. C. Tsai, C. H. Tang, and J. H. Yu, "The effect of low-level laser therapy on osteoclast differentiation: Clinical implications for tooth movement and bone density." (in eng), J Dent Sci, Vol. 19 (No. 3), pp. 1452-60, Jul (2024).
41- S. N. Tabatabaei, M. Hodjat, N. Hakimiha, M. S. A. Akhoundi, and M. J. Kharazifard, "In Vitro Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy with 980 nm Diode Laser on Gene Expression of Key Regulators of Bone Remodeling by Human Periodontal Ligament Cells under Mild Orthodontic Forces." (in eng), Photochem Photobiol, Vol. 99 (No. 6), pp. 1448-55, Nov-Dec (2023).
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| Issue | Vol 12 No 4 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v12i4.19826 | |
| Keywords | ||
| 976 nm Laser Biostimulation Osteoblast Osteoclast Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b | ||
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How to Cite
1.
I. Ali A, F. Agha N. Effects of Near-Infrared Laser Biostimulation on Bone Cells Number and Activity during Orthodontic Therapy: An Animal Study. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2025;12(4):890-901.
