A Comprehensive Survey of Proton Beam Therapy Research and Development in Iran
Abstract
Purpose: Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) is an emerging radiotherapy technique using beams of proton to treat cancer. As the first report addressing the topic, the principal aim is to highlight the present status of PBT research and development in Iran as a developing country.
Materials and Methods: To do so, the demand for PBT in Iran and Iran National Ion Therapy Center (IRNitc) was investigated and introduced. Then, Scopus and PubMed were searched for studies that dealt with PBT research in Iran and subsequently 6 major subfields of interest were identified. Furthermore, international collaborations were extracted from the bibliographic data. To combine both research and development sides, a SWOT analysis was performed through collecting viewpoints of 48 radiotherapy experts about PBT, and then strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of it were examined.
Results: Iran contributes to approximately 1% of global PBT sciences. Proton dose calculation using Monte Carlo simulation is the dominant subject of interest for Iranian researchers. Italy is recognized as the major foreign partner in PBT researches. Clinical advantages over conventional radiotherapy modalities are the main strength of PBT development in Iran while the high installation cost remains the most weakness. Finally, 10 general considerations for the launching of a PBT facility in Iran were presented based upon both Iranian experts’ viewpoints and IAEA recommendations.
Conclusion: This research reveals that while PBT research and development in Iran are still in their infancy, there are promising trends in both the research and development sides of PBT.
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39- F.S. Rasouli, S.F. Masoudi, D. Jette, “Technical Note: On the analytical proton dose evaluation in compounds and mixtures,” Med Phys, vol. 43, pp. 303-307, 2015.
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48- S. Zarifi, H.T. Ahangari, S.B. Jia, M.A. Tajik-Mansoury, “Validation of GATE Monte Carlo code for simulation of proton therapy using National Institute of Standards and Technology library data,” J Radiother Pract, vol. 18, pp. 38-45, 2018.
49- S. Malmir, A.A. Molavi, S. Mohammadi, “The evaluation of dose enhancement within gold nanoparticle radio-sensitized tumor using proton therapy,” J Isfahan Med Sch, vol. 34, pp. 1414-22, 2017.
50- S. Malmir, A.A. Molavi, S. Mohammadi, “Enhancement evaluation of energy deposition and secondary particle production in gold nanoparticle aided tumor using proton therapy,” Int J Cancer Manag, vol. 10, pp. e10719, 2017.
51- M. Enferadi, S. Sarbazvatan, M. Sadeghi et al, “Nuclear reaction cross sections for proton therapy applications,” J Radioanal Nucl Chem, vol. 314, pp. 1207-1235, 2017.
52- M. Mashayekhi, A.A. Mowlavi, S.B. Jia, “Simulation of positron emitters for monitoring of dose distribution in proton therapy,” Rep Pract Oncol Radiother, vol. 22, pp. 52-57, 2016.
53- S.B. Jia, M.H. Hadizadeh, AA. Mowlavi, M.E. Loushab, “Evaluation of energy deposition and secondary particle production in proton therapy of brain using a slab head phantom,” Rep Pract Oncol Radiother, vol. 19, pp. 376-384, 2014.
54- A.A. Mowlavi, M.R. Fornasie, M. de Denaro, “Calculation of energy deposition, photon and neutron production in proton therapy of thyroid gland using MCNPX,” Appl Radiat Isot, vol. 69, pp. 122-125, 2011.
55- H. Noshad, N. Givechi, “Proton therapy analysis using the Monte Carlo method,” Radiat Measure, vol. 39, pp. 521-524, 2005.
56- G.A.P. Cirrone, D. Margarone, M. Maggiore, A. Anzalone, M. Borghesi, S.B. Jia, “ELIMED: A new hadron therapy concept based on laser driven ion beams,” Proc of SPIE, vol. 8779, pp. 87791I-1, 2018.
57- S. Giordanengo, M. Donetti, M.A. Garella et al, “Design and characterization of the beam monitor detectors of the Italian national center of oncological hadron-therapy (CNAO),” Nucl Instrum Meth A, vol. 698, pp. 202-207, 2013.
58- A. Ansarinejad, M. Donetti, M.A. Garella et al, “Preliminary characterization tests of detectors of on-line monitor systems of the Italian national center of oncological hadron-therapy (CNAO),” Iran J Med Phys, vol. 9, pp. 225-232, 2012.
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60- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Particle Therapy in the 21st Century: Relevance to Developing Countries. Vienna: IAEA, 2014.
2- J.H. Lawrence, C.A. Tobias, J.L. Born et al, “Pituitary irradiation with high energy proton beams: A preliminary report,” Cancer Res, vol. 18, pp. 121 134, 1958.
3- H. Paganetti, Proton Therapy Physics. 2nd Ed. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
4- B. Jones, “The case for particle therapy,” Br J Radiol, vol. 79, pp. 24–31, 2006.
5- T.F. DeLaney, “Proton therapy in the clinic,” Front Radiat Ther Oncol, vol. 43, pp. 465-85, 2011.
6- P. Azimi, A. Movafeghi, “Proton therapy in neurosurgery: A historical review,” Int Clin Neurosci, vol. 2, pp. 59-80, 2016.
7- D.D. Ruysscher, E. Sterpin, K. Haustermans et al, “Tumor movement in proton therapy: Solutions and remaining questions,” Cancers, vol. 7, pp. 1143-1153, 2015.
8- E. Kammerer, J.L. Guevelou, A. Chaikh et al, “Proton therapy for locally advanced breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature,” Cancer Treatment Reviews, vol. 17, pp. 30198-6, 2017.
9- F.M. Khan, J.P. Gibbons, Khan’s The Physics of Radiation Therapy. 5th Ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2014.
10- S.K. Corbin, W.R. Mutter, “Proton therapy for breast cancer: progress & pitfalls,” Breast Cancer Manag, vol. 7, pp. BMT06, 2018.
11- T. Mitin, A.L. Zietman, “Promise and pitfalls of heavy-particle therapy,” J Clin Oncol, vol. 32, pp. 2855–2863, 2014.
12- T. Xiufang, L. Kun, Y. Hou, J. Cheng et al, “The evolution of proton beam therapy: Current and future status,” Mol Clin Oncol, vol. 8, pp. 15-21, 2017.
13- Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group, available at https://www.ptcog.ch/ (Accessed 10/11/2020).
14- M. Goitein, M. Jermann, “The relative costs of proton and X-ray radiation therapy,” Clin Oncol, vol. 15, pp. S37–S50, 2003.
15- F. Bray, J. Ferlay, I. Soerjomataram et al, “GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries,” Ca Cancer J Clin, vol. 68, pp. 394–424, 2018.
16- World Health Organization (WHO) online interactive platform: available at http://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-multi-bars (Accessed 10/11/2020).
17- S. Mousavi, M. Gouya, R. Ramazani et al, “Cancer incidence and mortality in Iran,” Ann Oncol, vol. 20, pp. 556-63, 2009.
18- R. Dolatkhah, M.H. Somi, I. Kermani et al, “Increased colorectal cancer incidence in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” BMC Public Health, vol. 15, pp. 997, 2015.
19- S. Razi, H. Salehiniya, M. Fathali-loy-dizaji, “Epidemiology of prevalent cancer among Iranian women and its incidence trends from 2003-2009 in Iran,” J Arak Univ Med Sci, vol. 18, pp. 17-24, 2015.
20- M. Mirzaei, Z. Pournamdar, H. Salehiniya, “Epidemiology and trends in incidence of kidney cancer in Iran” Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, vol. 16, pp. 5859-61, 2015.
21- B. Farhood, G. Geraily, A. Alizadeh, “Incidence and mortality of various cancers in Iran and compare to other countries: A review article,” Iran J Public Health, vol. 47, pp. 309-316, 2018.
22- B. Glimelius, A. Ask, G. Bjelkenqren et al, “Number of patients potentially eligible for proton therapy,” Acta Oncol, vol. 44, pp. 836–849, 2005.
23- M.A. Hosseini, M. Mohamadianpanah, M. Zare-Bandeamiri et al, “A Preliminary study on the estimation of the number of cancer patients eligible for hadron therapy in Iran and Fars province,” Iran J Med Sci, vol. 43, pp. 313-317, 2018.
24- A. Ameri, M. Barzegartahamtan, M. Ghavamnasiri et al, “Current and future challenges of radiation oncology in Iran: A report from the Iranian Society of Clinical Oncology,” Clin Oncol, vol. 30, pp. 262-268, 2018.
25- N. Datta, M. Samiei, S. Bodis. Radiation therapy infrastructure and human resources in low- and middle-income countries: Present status and projections for 2020,” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, vol. 89, pp. 448-457, 2014.
26- Behyaar Sanat Co., available at http://www.behyaar.com/ (Accessed 01/12/2020).
27- The Iran National Ion Therapy Center (IRNitc), available at http://irnitc.ir/en/ (Assessed 02/15/2020).
28- N.J. Van Eck, L. Waltman, B. Larsen, J. Leta, “VOSviewer: A computer program for bibliometric mapping,” Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Scientometrics and Informatics, pp. 886-897, 2009.
29- Visualizing Scientific Landscapes (VOSviewer), available at http://www.vosviewer.com/publications/ (Accessed 02/15/2020).
30- R. Bagheri, A. Khorrami Moghaddam, B. Azadbakht, M.R. Akbari, S.P. Shirmardi, “Determination of water equivalent ratio for some dosimetric materials in proton therapy using MNCPX simulation tool,” Nucl Science Tech, vol. 30, pp. 31, 2019.
31- F.S. Rasouli, S.F. Masoudi, “Water or realistic compositions in proton radiotherapy? An analytical study,” Int J Radiat Biol, vol. 93, pp. 351-356, 2017.
32- M. Ghorbani, S.B. Jia, M. Khosroabadi, H.R. Sadoughi, C. Knaup, “Evaluation of the effect of soft tissue composition on the characteristics of spread-out Bragg peak in proton therapy,” J Can Res Ther, vol. 13, pp. 974-980, 2017.
33- S.B. Jia, F. Romano, G.A.P. Cirrone, M.H. Hadizadeh, A.A. Mowlavi, L. Raffaele, “Designing a range modulator wheel to spread-out the Bragg peak for a passive proton therapy facility,” Nucl Instrum Meth A, vol. 806, pp. 101-108, 2016.
34- F.S. Rasouli, S.F. Masoudi, S. Keshazare, D. Jette, “Effect of elemental compositions on Monte Carlo dose calculations in proton therapy of eye tumors,” Radiat Phys Chem, vol. 117, 112-119, 2015.
35- M. Kazemi, H. Afarideh, Z. Riazi, Evaluation of open MPI and MPICH2 performances for the computation time in proton therapy dose calculations with Geant4,” J Korean Phys Soc, vol. 67, pp. 1686-1691, 2015.
36- R. Reiazi, A. Norozi, M.A. Etedadialiabadi. “A literature survey on cost-effectiveness of proton beam therapy in the management of breast cancer patients,” Int J Cancer Manag, vol. 8, pp. e4373, 2015.
37- M. Ebrahimi Loushab, A.A. Mowlavi, M.H. Hadizadeh, R. Izadi, S.B. Jia, “Impact of various beam parameters on lateral scattering in proton and carbon-ion therapy,” J Biomed Phys Eng, vol. 5, pp. 169-176, 2015.
38- S. Giordanengo, M.A. Garella, F. Marchetto, “The CNAO dose delivery system for modulated scanning ion beam radiotherapy,” Med Phys, vol. 42, pp. 263-75, 2015.
39- F.S. Rasouli, S.F. Masoudi, D. Jette, “Technical Note: On the analytical proton dose evaluation in compounds and mixtures,” Med Phys, vol. 43, pp. 303-307, 2015.
40- M. Tavakol, A. Karimian, S.M.M. Aldaavati. “Dose assessment of eye and its components in proton therapy by Monte Carlo method,” Iran J Med Phys, vol. 10-11: pp. 205-214, 2014.
41- D. Sardari, E. Salimi, “Monte Carlo simulation for evaluation of dose distribution in proton therapy,” Rom Rep Phys, vol. 66, pp. 148-156, 2014.
42- M.R. Akbari, H. Yousefnia, E. Mirrezaei, “Calculation of water equivalent ratio of several dosimetric materials in proton therapy using FLUKA code and SRIM program,” Appl Radiat Isot, vol. 90, pp. 89-93, 2014.
43- Sh. Keshazare, S.F. Masoudi, F.S. Rasouli. “Effects of defining realistic compositions of the ocular melanoma on proton therapy,” J Biomed Phys Eng, vol. 15, pp. 141-50, 2014.
44- K. Jabbari, J. Seuntjens, “A fast Monte Carlo code for proton transport in radiation therapy based on MCNPX,” J Med Phys, vol. 39, pp. 156–163, 2014.
45- Z. Riazi, H. Afarideh, R. Sadighi-Bonabi, “Influence of ridge filter material on the beam efficiency and secondary neutron production in a proton therapy system,” Z Med Phys, vol. 22, pp. 231-240, 2012.
46- Z. Riazi, H. Afarideh, R. Sadighi-Bonabi, “A fast numerical method for calculating the 3D proton dose profile in a single-ring wobbling spreading system,” Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, vol. 34, pp. 317–325, 2011.
47- S. Zarifi, H.T. Ahangari, S.B. Jia, M.A. Tajik-Mansoury, M. Najafzadeh, M. Peer Firouzjaei, “Bragg peak characteristics of proton beams within therapeutic energy range and the comparison of stopping power using the GATE Monte Carlo simulation and the NIST data,” J Radiother Pract, vol. 19, pp. 173-181, 2019.
48- S. Zarifi, H.T. Ahangari, S.B. Jia, M.A. Tajik-Mansoury, “Validation of GATE Monte Carlo code for simulation of proton therapy using National Institute of Standards and Technology library data,” J Radiother Pract, vol. 18, pp. 38-45, 2018.
49- S. Malmir, A.A. Molavi, S. Mohammadi, “The evaluation of dose enhancement within gold nanoparticle radio-sensitized tumor using proton therapy,” J Isfahan Med Sch, vol. 34, pp. 1414-22, 2017.
50- S. Malmir, A.A. Molavi, S. Mohammadi, “Enhancement evaluation of energy deposition and secondary particle production in gold nanoparticle aided tumor using proton therapy,” Int J Cancer Manag, vol. 10, pp. e10719, 2017.
51- M. Enferadi, S. Sarbazvatan, M. Sadeghi et al, “Nuclear reaction cross sections for proton therapy applications,” J Radioanal Nucl Chem, vol. 314, pp. 1207-1235, 2017.
52- M. Mashayekhi, A.A. Mowlavi, S.B. Jia, “Simulation of positron emitters for monitoring of dose distribution in proton therapy,” Rep Pract Oncol Radiother, vol. 22, pp. 52-57, 2016.
53- S.B. Jia, M.H. Hadizadeh, AA. Mowlavi, M.E. Loushab, “Evaluation of energy deposition and secondary particle production in proton therapy of brain using a slab head phantom,” Rep Pract Oncol Radiother, vol. 19, pp. 376-384, 2014.
54- A.A. Mowlavi, M.R. Fornasie, M. de Denaro, “Calculation of energy deposition, photon and neutron production in proton therapy of thyroid gland using MCNPX,” Appl Radiat Isot, vol. 69, pp. 122-125, 2011.
55- H. Noshad, N. Givechi, “Proton therapy analysis using the Monte Carlo method,” Radiat Measure, vol. 39, pp. 521-524, 2005.
56- G.A.P. Cirrone, D. Margarone, M. Maggiore, A. Anzalone, M. Borghesi, S.B. Jia, “ELIMED: A new hadron therapy concept based on laser driven ion beams,” Proc of SPIE, vol. 8779, pp. 87791I-1, 2018.
57- S. Giordanengo, M. Donetti, M.A. Garella et al, “Design and characterization of the beam monitor detectors of the Italian national center of oncological hadron-therapy (CNAO),” Nucl Instrum Meth A, vol. 698, pp. 202-207, 2013.
58- A. Ansarinejad, M. Donetti, M.A. Garella et al, “Preliminary characterization tests of detectors of on-line monitor systems of the Italian national center of oncological hadron-therapy (CNAO),” Iran J Med Phys, vol. 9, pp. 225-232, 2012.
59- M. Hosseinzadeh, M. Ghergherechi, A. Mohammadzadeh, S.A.H. Feghhi, H. Afarideh, “Lattice design of dedicated synchrotron for proton therapy,” International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 901-905, 2008.
60- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Particle Therapy in the 21st Century: Relevance to Developing Countries. Vienna: IAEA, 2014.
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| Issue | Vol 8 No 1 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v8i1.5853 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Proton Beam Therapy Iran Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats Analysis Research and Development | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Piruzan E, Vosoughi N, Mahani H. A Comprehensive Survey of Proton Beam Therapy Research and Development in Iran. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2021;8(1):9-19.
