Assessment of Background Radiation, Annual Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Gonabad City
Abstract
Purpose: Humans are always exposed to ionizing radiation from their environment, which can have destructive effects. This study aimed to measure background gamma radiation and estimate annual effective dose and excess cancer risk in Gonabad city.
Materials and Methods: The dose rate due to indoor and outdoor background radiation was measured by RDS-30 radiation survey meter at five zones on the map, including North, South, East, West, and center. Then, the annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated by associated equations.
Results: Mean dose rates for outdoor and indoor spaces were 0.111 µSv/h and 0.139 µSv/h, respectively. The mean background dose rate of indoor space was significantly higher than that of outdoor space. Annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk were obtained as 0.817 and 2.85×10-3, respectively.
Conclusion: Background radiation dose, annual effective dose, and cancer risk for Gonabad city were higher than global ones. Further investigations are needed to encompass internal background radiation doses in annual effective dose.
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3-K. Inoue, S. K. Sahoo, N. Veerasamy, S. Kasahara, and M. Fukushi, "Distribution patterns of gamma radiation dose rate in the high background radiation area of Odisha, India," JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY, vol. 324, no. 3, pp. 1423-1434, 2020.
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5-I. P. Mikhnev, N. A. Salnikova, M. B. Lempert, and K. Y. Dmitrenko, "The biological effects of natural radionuclides from the construction materials on the population of the Volgograd region," in 2017 8th International Conference on Information, Intelligence, Systems & Applications (IISA), 2017: IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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7-P. Lehmann, Z. Boratyński, T. Mappes, T. A. Mousseau, and A. P. Møller, "Fitness costs of increased cataract frequency and cumulative radiation dose in natural mammalian populations from Chernobyl," Scientific Reports, vol. 6, p. 19974, 2016.
8-M. Sanusi et al., "Assessment of impact of urbanisation on background radiation exposure and human health risk estimation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia," Environment international, vol. 104, pp. 91-101, 2017.
9-H. T. Abba, W. M. S. W. Hassan, M. A. Saleh, A. S. Aliyu, and A. T. Ramli, "Assessment of Terrestrial Gamma Radiation Dose Levels and Isodose Mapping of Some Selected Areas of Jos Plateau, Nigeria," Advanced Science Letters, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 3592-3596, 2018.
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11-U. Radiation, "Sources and effects of ionizing radiation: sources," ed: United nations publications, 2000.
12-M. Yarahmadi, A. Shahsavani, M. H. Mahmoudian, N. Shamsedini, N. Rastkari, and M. Kermani, "Estimation of the residential radon levels and the annual effective dose in dwellings of Shiraz, Iran, in 2015," Electronic physician, vol. 8, no. 6, p. 2497, 2016.
13-S. Choudhary, "Deterministic and stochastic effects of radiation," Canc Therapy & Oncol Int J, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 555834, 2018.
14-A. Movahedi, M. Mostajaboddavati, M. Rajabibazl, R. Mirfakhraie, and M. Enferadi, "Association of telomere length with chronic exposure to ionizing radiation among inhabitants of natural high background radiation areas of Ramsar, Iran," International journal of radiation biology, vol. 95, no. 8, pp. 1113-1121, 2019.
15-U. N. S. C. o. t. E. o. A. Radiation, "ANNEX B: Exposures from natural radiation sources, subsubsection IIC2," ed, 2000.
16-S. M. Jafarpour, A. Aliasgharzade, H. Moradi, and M. Mohseni, "Measurement of outdoor and indoor natural gamma background radiation and risk of cancer in residents of Kashan during 2016-2017," KAUMS Journal (FEYZ), vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 525-531, 2018.
17-H. Zarghani and R. Jafari, "Assessment of outdoor and indoor background gamma radiation, the annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk in Birjand, Iran," Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, 2017.
18-U. N. S. C. o. t. E. o. A. Radiation, Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 2016 Report: Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. United Nations, 2017.
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20-S. Hazrati, A. N. Baghi, H. Sadeghi, M. Barak, S. Zivari, and S. Rahimzadeh, "Investigation of natural effective gamma dose rates case study: Ardebil Province in Iran," Iranian journal of environmental health science & engineering, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1, 2012.
21-T. S. BAHREYNI et al., "Gonad, bone marrow and effective dose to the population of more than 90 towns and cities of Iran, arising from environmental gamma radiation," 2009.
22-M. Bahreyni Tossi, "Evaluation of environmental gamma radiation level in Azerbaijan area," IJBMS, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2000.
23-M. Ghorbanipour, A. Hosseini Alhashemi, S. Gharloghi, M. Adeli, and M. Gholami, "Health risk assessment of natural background radiation in residents of Khorramabad, Iran," Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 23-28, 2017.
24-M. Charles, "UNSCEAR Report 2000: sources and effects of ionizing radiation," Journal of Radiological Protection, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 83, 2001.
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| Issue | Vol 8 No 3 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v8i3.7111 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Annual Effective Dose Background Gamma Radiation Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk Gonabad | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Masoumi H, Keshtkar M. Assessment of Background Radiation, Annual Effective Dose and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk in Gonabad City. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2021;8(3):170-174.
