A Monte Carlo Study on Dose Enhancement in the Presence of Nanoparticles by Photon Source: A Comparison between Various Concentration and Material of Nanoparticles
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Abstract
Purpose: Recently, the application of high atomic number nanoparticles is suggested in the field of radiotherapy to improve physical dose enhancement and hence treatment efficiency. Several factors such as concentration and material of nanoparticles and energy of beam define the amount of dose enhancement in the target in the presence of nanoparticles.
Materials and Methods: In this approach, a spherical cell was simulated through the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit which contained a nucleus and nanoparticles distributed through the cell. To investigate the effect of the concentration of nanoparticles on the deposited dose, it ranged from 3 mg/g to 30 mg/g for different materials like gold, silver, gadolinium, and platinum. Also, various mono-energetic photon beams included low and high energy sources were applied.
Results: The results proved that as the concentration increased, the Dose Enhancement Factor (DEF) enlarged. Overall, almost for all energy and material that were used in this study, the maximum of DEF values occurred in the concentration of 30 mg/g. Moreover, lower energy sources presented higher DEF compared to other sources. The results indicated that the highest amount of DEF transpired for 35 keV photon beams equal to 14.67. Also, the K-edge energy of each material affects DEF values.
Conclusion: To obtain a better outcome in the use of nanoparticles in combination with radiotherapy, a higher concentration of nanoparticles and low-energy photons should be considered to optimize the DEF and thus the treatment ratio.
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24- S. H. Mousavie Anijdan, S. R. Mahdavi, A. Shirazi, M. A. Zarrinfard, and J. Hajati, "Megavoltage X-ray Dose Enhancement with Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Bearing Mice," (in eng), International journal of molecular and cellular medicine, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 118-123, Summer 2013.
25- S. Asadi, M. Vaez-zadeh, S. F. Masoudi, F. Rahmani, C. Knaup, and A. S. Meigooni, "Gold nanoparticle-based brachytherapy enhancement in choroidal melanoma using a full Monte Carlo model of the human eye," (in eng), J Appl Clin Med Phys, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 344-357, Sep 8 2015.
26- F. Boateng and W. Ngwa, "Delivery of Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitizers for Radiotherapy Applications," (in eng), Int J Mol Sci, vol. 21, no. 1, Dec 31 2019.
27- C. Yang, K. Bromma, W. Sung, J. Schuemann, and D. Chithrani, "Determining the Radiation Enhancement Effects of Gold Nanoparticles in Cells in a Combined Treatment with Cisplatin and Radiation at Therapeutic Megavoltage Energies," (in eng), Cancers (Basel), vol. 10, no. 5, May 22 2018.
2- E. Taha, F. Djouider, and E. Banoqitah, "Monte Carlo simulations for dose enhancement in cancer treatment using bismuth oxide nanoparticles implanted in brain soft tissue," (in eng), Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 363-370, Jun 2018.
3- X. J. Zheng and J. C. Chow, "Radiation dose enhancement in skin therapy with nanoparticle addition: A Monte Carlo study on kilovoltage photon and megavoltage electron beams," (in eng), World J Radiol, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 63-71, Feb 28 2017.
4- A. D. Paro, M. Hossain, T. J. Webster, and M. Su, "Monte Carlo and analytic simulations in nanoparticle-enhanced radiation therapy," (in eng), Int J Nanomedicine, vol. 11, pp. 4735-4741, 2016.
5- W. Sung et al., "Dependence of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization on cell geometry," Nanoscale, 10.1039/C7NR01024A vol. 9, no. 18, pp. 5843-5853, 2017.
6- H. Yan et al., "Monte Carlo dosimetry modeling of focused kV x-ray radiotherapy of eye diseases with potential nanoparticle dose enhancement," (in eng), Med Phys, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 4720-4733, Oct 2018.
7- W. Ngwa et al., "In vitro radiosensitization by gold nanoparticles during continuous low-dose-rate gamma irradiation with I-125 brachytherapy seeds," (in eng), Nanomedicine, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 25-7, Jan 2013.
8- S. McKinnon et al., "Study of the effect of ceramic Ta2O5 nanoparticle distribution on cellular dose enhancement in a kilovoltage photon field," Physica Medica, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1216-1224, 2016/10/01/ 2016.
9- R. Ahmad, G. Royle, A. Lourenco, M. Schwarz, F. Fracchiolla, and K. Ricketts, "Investigation into the effects of high-Z nano materials in proton therapy," (in eng), Phys Med Biol, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 4537-50, Jun 21 2016.
10- A. Yahya Abadi, M. Ghorbani, A. A. Mowlavi, and C. Knaup, "A Monte Carlo evaluation of dose enhancement by cisplatin and titanocene dichloride chemotherapy drugs in brachytherapy with photon emitting sources," (in eng), Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 327-36, Jun 2014.
11- C. Hwang, J. M. Kim, and J. Kim, "Influence of concentration, nanoparticle size, beam energy, and material on dose enhancement in radiation therapy," (in eng), J Radiat Res, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 405-411, Jul 1 2017.
12- M. T. Bahreyni Toossi, M. Ghorbani, M. Mehrpouyan, F. Akbari, L. Sobhkhiz Sabet, and A. Soleimani Meigooni, "A Monte Carlo study on tissue dose enhancement in brachytherapy: a comparison between gadolinium and gold nanoparticles," (in eng), Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 177-85, Jun 2012.
13- M. Ghorbani, M. Bakhshabadi, A. Golshan, and C. Knaup, "Dose enhancement by various nanoparticles in prostate brachytherapy," (in eng), Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 431-40, Dec 2013.
14- P. Liu et al., "Silver nanoparticles: a novel radiation sensitizer for glioma?," (in eng), Nanoscale, vol. 5, no. 23, pp. 11829-36, Dec 7 2013.
15- H. N. Tran et al., "Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation of absorbed dose and radiolysis yields enhancement from a gold nanoparticle under MeV proton irradiation," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 373, pp. 126-139, 4/15/ 2016.
16- S. INCERTI et al., "THE GEANT4-DNA PROJECT," International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing, vol. 01, no. 02, pp. 157-178, 2010.
17- M. Tajik, A. S. H. Rozatian, and F. Semsarha, "Simulation of ultrasoft X-rays induced DNA damage using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 342, pp. 258-265, 1/1/ 2015.
18- S. Incerti et al., "Energy deposition in small-scale targets of liquid water using the very low energy electromagnetic physics processes of the Geant4 toolkit," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 306, pp. 158-164, 2013/07/01/ 2013.
19- M. Douglass, E. Bezak, and S. Penfold, "Monte Carlo investigation of the increased radiation deposition due to gold nanoparticles using kilovoltage and megavoltage photons in a 3D randomized cell model," Medical Physics, vol. 40, no. 7, p. 071710, 2013.
20- B. L. Jones, S. Krishnan, and S. H. Cho, "Estimation of microscopic dose enhancement factor around gold nanoparticles by Monte Carlo calculations," (in eng), Med Phys, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 3809-16, Jul 2010.
21- E. Brun and C. Sicard-Roselli, "Actual questions raised by nanoparticle radiosensitization," Radiation Physics and Chemistry.
22- D. B. Chithrani et al., "Gold nanoparticles as radiation sensitizers in cancer therapy," (in eng), Radiat Res, vol. 173, no. 6, pp. 719-28, Jun 2010.
23- M. Zabihzadeh, T. Moshirian, M. Ghorbani, C. Knaup, and M. A. Behrooz, "A Monte Carlo Study on Dose Enhancement by Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Distributions of Gold Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy with Low Energy X-rays," (in eng), J Biomed Phys Eng, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 13-28, Mar 2018.
24- S. H. Mousavie Anijdan, S. R. Mahdavi, A. Shirazi, M. A. Zarrinfard, and J. Hajati, "Megavoltage X-ray Dose Enhancement with Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Bearing Mice," (in eng), International journal of molecular and cellular medicine, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 118-123, Summer 2013.
25- S. Asadi, M. Vaez-zadeh, S. F. Masoudi, F. Rahmani, C. Knaup, and A. S. Meigooni, "Gold nanoparticle-based brachytherapy enhancement in choroidal melanoma using a full Monte Carlo model of the human eye," (in eng), J Appl Clin Med Phys, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 344-357, Sep 8 2015.
26- F. Boateng and W. Ngwa, "Delivery of Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitizers for Radiotherapy Applications," (in eng), Int J Mol Sci, vol. 21, no. 1, Dec 31 2019.
27- C. Yang, K. Bromma, W. Sung, J. Schuemann, and D. Chithrani, "Determining the Radiation Enhancement Effects of Gold Nanoparticles in Cells in a Combined Treatment with Cisplatin and Radiation at Therapeutic Megavoltage Energies," (in eng), Cancers (Basel), vol. 10, no. 5, May 22 2018.
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| Issue | Vol 8 No 3 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v8i3.7114 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Dose Enhancement Geant4 Nanoparticles Photon Beams Concentration | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Kazemzadeh A, Moradi H. A Monte Carlo Study on Dose Enhancement in the Presence of Nanoparticles by Photon Source: A Comparison between Various Concentration and Material of Nanoparticles. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2021;8(3):191-197.
