Entrance Surface Dose Measurement at Thyroid and Parotid Gland Regions in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Panoramic Radiography
-
Reza Omidi
,
Hamed Zamani
,
Ali Asghar Parach
,
Maryam Hazbavi
,
Saman Dalvand
,
Fatemeh Ezoddini-Ardakani
,
Mohammad Ali Shafaei
,
Mohammad Hossein Zare
Abstract
Purpose: Ionizing radiation-absorbed doses is a crucial concern in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiography. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the Entrance Skin Doses (ESD) of thyroid and parotid gland regions in CBCT and panoramic radiography in Yazd province, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 332 patients were included, who were then divided into two age groups (adult and pediatric) and underwent dental CBCT and panoramic radiography. Twelve Thermoluminescence Dosimeters (TLD- GR200) were used for each patient to measure the ESD of thyroid and parotid glands. The differences between the ESD values in CBCT and panoramic examinations as well as between the adults and children groups were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Man-Whitney tests.
Results: The mean and Standard Deviation (SD) values of ESD in panoramic imaging were equal to 61 ± 4 and 290 ± 12 µGy for the thyroid and parotid glands of the adult groups, respectively. Notably, these values for CBCT were significantly higher (P<0.01), as 377 ± 139 and 1554 ± 177 µGy, respectively. Moreover, the mean ESD values in the panoramic examination were 41 ± 3 and 190 ± 16 µGy for thyroid and parotid glands for the children group, while they were 350 ± 120 and 990 ± 107 µGy in CBCT (P<0.01), respectively. The ESD values in the parotid gland were approximately 3.4 (2.8-4.1) and 4.7 (4.6-4.8) times greater than those for CBCT and panoramic examinations, respectively.
Conclusion: Although CBCT provides supplementary diagnostic advantages, the thyroid and parotid glands’ doses are higher than panoramic radiography. Therefore, the risks and benefits of each method should be considered before their prescription.
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2- Grünheid T, Schieck JRK, Pliska BT, Ahmad M, Larson BE. "Dosimetry of a cone-beam computed tomography machine compared with a digital x-ray machine in orthodontic imaging." Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 141(4):436–443, 2012.
3- Lorenzoni DC, Bolognese AM, Garib DG, Guedes FR, Sant’Anna EF. "Cone-beam computed tomography and radiographs in dentistry: aspects related to radiation dose." Int J Dent; (8): 1-10, 2012.
4- Roberts JA, Drage NA, Davies J, Thomas DW. "Effective dose from cone beam CT examinations in dentistry." Br J Radiol, 82(973):35–40, 2009.
5- Kapila S, Conley RS, Harrell Jr WE. "The current status of cone beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 40(1):24–34, 2011.
6- Heiden KR, Rocha ASPS da, Filipov D, Salazar CB, Fernandes Â, Westphalen FH, et al. "Absorbed doses in salivary and thyroid glands from panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography." Res Biomed Eng, 34(1):31–36, 2018.
7- Abedi-Firouzjah R, Vafapour H, Banaei A, Gorji KE, Najafzadeh M, Ataei G, et al. "Data on the cancer risk and mortalities induced by annual background radiations at various ages in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran." Data Brief, 30: 105487, 2020
8- Mirdoraghi M, Banaei A, Asl JF. "Data on the estimating the risk of cancer due to some common radiographs in Tehran city." Data Brief, 20:1269–1273, 2018.
9- Chaparian A, Dehghanzade F. "Evaluation of radiation-induced cancer risk to patients undergoing intra-oral and panoramic dental radiography using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo calculations." Int J Radiat Res, 15(2):197-205, 2017.
10- Pauwels R, Cockmartin L, Ivanauskaité D, Urbonienė A, Gavala S, Donta C, et al. "Estimating cancer risk from dental cone-beam CT exposures based on skin dosimetry." Phys Med Biol, 59(14):3877-91, 2014.
11- Wrixon AD. "New ICRP recommendations." J Radiol Prot, 28(2):161, 2008.
12- Council NR. "Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2." National Academies Press; Vol. 7, 2006.
13- Sezgin ÖS, Kayipmaz S, Yasar D, Yilmaz AB, Ozturk MH. "Comparative dosimetry of dental cone beam computed tomography, panoramic radiography, and multislice computed tomography." Oral Radiol, 28(1):32–37, 2012.
14- Williams JR, Montgomery A. "Measurement of dose in panoramic dental radiology." Br J Radiol, 73(873):1002–1006, 2000.
15- Doyle P, Martin CJ, Robertson J. "Techniques for measurement of dose width product in panoramic dental radiography." Br J Radiol, 79(938):142–147, 2006.
16- Le Heron J. "Guidelines on patient dose to promote the optimisation of protection for diagnostic medical exposures: documents of the NRPB.", Radiat Prot News Notes, 10 (1),17–18, 1999.
17- Mortazavi SMJ, Ghaisinezhad M, Bakhshi M, Jafarizadeh M, Kavousi A, AHMADI KJ, et al. "Entrance surface dose measurement on the thyroid gland in orthopantomography: The need for optimization." Int J Radiat Res, 2(1): 21-26, 2004.
18- Suomalainen A, Apajalahti S, Vehmas T, Ventä I. "Availability of CBCT and iatrogenic alveolar nerve injuries." Acta Odontol Scand, 71(1):151–156, 2013.
19- Gijbels F, Jacobs R, Bogaerts R, Debaveye D, Verlinden S, Sanderink G. "Dosimetry of digital panoramic imaging. Part I: Patient exposure." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 34(3):145–149, 2005.
20- Silva MAG, Wolf U, Heinicke F, Gründler K, Visser H, Hirsch E. "Effective dosages for recording Veraviewepocs dental panoramic images: analog film, digital, and panoramic scout for CBCT." Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology, 106(4):571–577, 2008.
21- Protection (ICRP) IC on R. "Diagnostic reference levels in medical imaging: review and additional advice." Ann ICRP, 31(4):33–52, 2001.
22- Sasho Nikolovski S, Nikolovska L, Velevska M, Velev V. "Thermoluminescent signal fading of encapsulated lif: Mg, Ti detectors in PTFE-Teflon registered trademark." Proceeding of the second conference on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 43(1):68-71, 2010.
23- Hasanzadeh H, Sharafi A, Verdi MA, Nikoofar A. "Assessment of absorbed dose to thyroid, parotid and ovaries in patients undergoing Gamma Knife radiosurgery." Phys Med Biol, 51(17): 4375-4383, 2006.
24- Ahmadi A, Negarestani A, Sina S, Sarshough S. "Measurement of Entrance Skin Dose and the Dose Received by Different Organs in Panoramic Dental Imaging." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 37(5): 268–273, 2008.
25- Hirsch E, Wolf U, Heinicke F, Silva MAG. "Dosimetry of the cone beam computed tomography Veraviewepocs 3D compared with the 3D Accuitomo in different fields of view." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 37(5):268–273, 2008.
26- Pauwels R, Horner K, Vassileva J, Rehani MM. "Thyroid shielding in cone beam computed tomography: recommendations towards appropriate use." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 48(7): 20190014, 2019.
27- Moudi E, Hadian H, Monfared A, Haghanifar S, Deilam G, Bahemmat N. "Assessment of radiation exposure of eyes, parotid and thyroid gland during panoramic radiography." World J Med Med Sci Res, 1(3):44–50, 2013.
28- Gavala S, Donta C, Tsiklakis K, Boziari A, Kamenopoulou V, Stamatakis HC. "Radiation dose reduction in direct digital panoramic radiography." Eur J Radiol, 71(1):42–48, 2009.
29- Wrzesien M, Olszewski J. "Absorbed doses for patients undergoing panoramic radiography, cephalometric radiography and CBCT." International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 30(5):705–713, 2017.
30- Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL. "Dosimetry of two extraoral direct digital imaging devices: NewTom cone beam CT and Orthophos Plus DS panoramic unit." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 32(4):229–234, 2003.
31- Iskanderani D, Nilsson M, Alstergren P, Hellén-Halme K. "Dose distributions in adult and child head phantoms for panoramic and cone beam computed tomography imaging of the temporomandibular joint." Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 130(2): 200-208, 2020.
32- Suomalainen A, Kiljunen T, Kaser Y, Peltola J, Kortesniemi M. "Dosimetry and image quality of four dental cone beam computed tomography scanners compared with multislice computed tomography scanners." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 38(6):367–378, 2009.
33- Koong B. "Cone beam imaging: is this the ultimate imaging modality?" Clin Oral Implants Res, 21(11):1201–1208, 2010.
34- Li G. "Patient radiation dose and protection from cone-beam computed tomography." Imaging Sci Dent, 43(2):63–69, 2013.
35- Loubele M, Bogaerts R, Van Dijck E, Pauwels R, Vanheusden S, Suetens P, et al. "Comparison between effective radiation dose of CBCT and MSCT scanners for dentomaxillofacial applications." Eur J Radiol, 71(3):461–468, 2009.
36- Liu Y-C, Chuang K-S, Yu C-C, Chao J-H, Hsu F-Y. "Evaluation of the medical exposure doses regarding dental examinations with different X-ray instruments." Radiat Phys Chem, 116(1):386–392, 2015.
37- Soares MR, Batista WO, de Lara Antonio P, Caldas LV, Maia AF. "Study of effective dose of various protocols in equipment cone beam CT." Appl Radiat Isot, 100(1):21–26, 2015.
38- Commission E. "Cone Beam CT for dental and maxillofacial radiology: evidence-based guidelines." Radiat Prot Publ, 172, 2012.
39- Pauwels R, Beinsberger J, Collaert B, Theodorakou C, Rogers J, Walker A, et al. "Effective dose range for dental cone beam computed tomography scanners." Eur J Radiol, 81(2):267–271, 2012.
40- Dong F, Davros W, Pozzuto J, Reid J. "Optimization of kilovoltage and tube current–exposure time product based on abdominal circumference: an oval phantom study for pediatric abdominal CT." Am J Roentgenol, 199(3):670–676, 2012.
41- Elojeimy S, Tipnis S, Huda W. "Relationship between radiographic techniques (kilovolt and milliampere-second) and CTDIvol." Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 141(1):43–49, 2010.
2- Grünheid T, Schieck JRK, Pliska BT, Ahmad M, Larson BE. "Dosimetry of a cone-beam computed tomography machine compared with a digital x-ray machine in orthodontic imaging." Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 141(4):436–443, 2012.
3- Lorenzoni DC, Bolognese AM, Garib DG, Guedes FR, Sant’Anna EF. "Cone-beam computed tomography and radiographs in dentistry: aspects related to radiation dose." Int J Dent; (8): 1-10, 2012.
4- Roberts JA, Drage NA, Davies J, Thomas DW. "Effective dose from cone beam CT examinations in dentistry." Br J Radiol, 82(973):35–40, 2009.
5- Kapila S, Conley RS, Harrell Jr WE. "The current status of cone beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 40(1):24–34, 2011.
6- Heiden KR, Rocha ASPS da, Filipov D, Salazar CB, Fernandes Â, Westphalen FH, et al. "Absorbed doses in salivary and thyroid glands from panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography." Res Biomed Eng, 34(1):31–36, 2018.
7- Abedi-Firouzjah R, Vafapour H, Banaei A, Gorji KE, Najafzadeh M, Ataei G, et al. "Data on the cancer risk and mortalities induced by annual background radiations at various ages in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, Iran." Data Brief, 30: 105487, 2020
8- Mirdoraghi M, Banaei A, Asl JF. "Data on the estimating the risk of cancer due to some common radiographs in Tehran city." Data Brief, 20:1269–1273, 2018.
9- Chaparian A, Dehghanzade F. "Evaluation of radiation-induced cancer risk to patients undergoing intra-oral and panoramic dental radiography using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo calculations." Int J Radiat Res, 15(2):197-205, 2017.
10- Pauwels R, Cockmartin L, Ivanauskaité D, Urbonienė A, Gavala S, Donta C, et al. "Estimating cancer risk from dental cone-beam CT exposures based on skin dosimetry." Phys Med Biol, 59(14):3877-91, 2014.
11- Wrixon AD. "New ICRP recommendations." J Radiol Prot, 28(2):161, 2008.
12- Council NR. "Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation: BEIR VII phase 2." National Academies Press; Vol. 7, 2006.
13- Sezgin ÖS, Kayipmaz S, Yasar D, Yilmaz AB, Ozturk MH. "Comparative dosimetry of dental cone beam computed tomography, panoramic radiography, and multislice computed tomography." Oral Radiol, 28(1):32–37, 2012.
14- Williams JR, Montgomery A. "Measurement of dose in panoramic dental radiology." Br J Radiol, 73(873):1002–1006, 2000.
15- Doyle P, Martin CJ, Robertson J. "Techniques for measurement of dose width product in panoramic dental radiography." Br J Radiol, 79(938):142–147, 2006.
16- Le Heron J. "Guidelines on patient dose to promote the optimisation of protection for diagnostic medical exposures: documents of the NRPB.", Radiat Prot News Notes, 10 (1),17–18, 1999.
17- Mortazavi SMJ, Ghaisinezhad M, Bakhshi M, Jafarizadeh M, Kavousi A, AHMADI KJ, et al. "Entrance surface dose measurement on the thyroid gland in orthopantomography: The need for optimization." Int J Radiat Res, 2(1): 21-26, 2004.
18- Suomalainen A, Apajalahti S, Vehmas T, Ventä I. "Availability of CBCT and iatrogenic alveolar nerve injuries." Acta Odontol Scand, 71(1):151–156, 2013.
19- Gijbels F, Jacobs R, Bogaerts R, Debaveye D, Verlinden S, Sanderink G. "Dosimetry of digital panoramic imaging. Part I: Patient exposure." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 34(3):145–149, 2005.
20- Silva MAG, Wolf U, Heinicke F, Gründler K, Visser H, Hirsch E. "Effective dosages for recording Veraviewepocs dental panoramic images: analog film, digital, and panoramic scout for CBCT." Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology, 106(4):571–577, 2008.
21- Protection (ICRP) IC on R. "Diagnostic reference levels in medical imaging: review and additional advice." Ann ICRP, 31(4):33–52, 2001.
22- Sasho Nikolovski S, Nikolovska L, Velevska M, Velev V. "Thermoluminescent signal fading of encapsulated lif: Mg, Ti detectors in PTFE-Teflon registered trademark." Proceeding of the second conference on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 43(1):68-71, 2010.
23- Hasanzadeh H, Sharafi A, Verdi MA, Nikoofar A. "Assessment of absorbed dose to thyroid, parotid and ovaries in patients undergoing Gamma Knife radiosurgery." Phys Med Biol, 51(17): 4375-4383, 2006.
24- Ahmadi A, Negarestani A, Sina S, Sarshough S. "Measurement of Entrance Skin Dose and the Dose Received by Different Organs in Panoramic Dental Imaging." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 37(5): 268–273, 2008.
25- Hirsch E, Wolf U, Heinicke F, Silva MAG. "Dosimetry of the cone beam computed tomography Veraviewepocs 3D compared with the 3D Accuitomo in different fields of view." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 37(5):268–273, 2008.
26- Pauwels R, Horner K, Vassileva J, Rehani MM. "Thyroid shielding in cone beam computed tomography: recommendations towards appropriate use." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 48(7): 20190014, 2019.
27- Moudi E, Hadian H, Monfared A, Haghanifar S, Deilam G, Bahemmat N. "Assessment of radiation exposure of eyes, parotid and thyroid gland during panoramic radiography." World J Med Med Sci Res, 1(3):44–50, 2013.
28- Gavala S, Donta C, Tsiklakis K, Boziari A, Kamenopoulou V, Stamatakis HC. "Radiation dose reduction in direct digital panoramic radiography." Eur J Radiol, 71(1):42–48, 2009.
29- Wrzesien M, Olszewski J. "Absorbed doses for patients undergoing panoramic radiography, cephalometric radiography and CBCT." International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 30(5):705–713, 2017.
30- Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL. "Dosimetry of two extraoral direct digital imaging devices: NewTom cone beam CT and Orthophos Plus DS panoramic unit." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 32(4):229–234, 2003.
31- Iskanderani D, Nilsson M, Alstergren P, Hellén-Halme K. "Dose distributions in adult and child head phantoms for panoramic and cone beam computed tomography imaging of the temporomandibular joint." Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 130(2): 200-208, 2020.
32- Suomalainen A, Kiljunen T, Kaser Y, Peltola J, Kortesniemi M. "Dosimetry and image quality of four dental cone beam computed tomography scanners compared with multislice computed tomography scanners." Dentomaxillofacial Radiol, 38(6):367–378, 2009.
33- Koong B. "Cone beam imaging: is this the ultimate imaging modality?" Clin Oral Implants Res, 21(11):1201–1208, 2010.
34- Li G. "Patient radiation dose and protection from cone-beam computed tomography." Imaging Sci Dent, 43(2):63–69, 2013.
35- Loubele M, Bogaerts R, Van Dijck E, Pauwels R, Vanheusden S, Suetens P, et al. "Comparison between effective radiation dose of CBCT and MSCT scanners for dentomaxillofacial applications." Eur J Radiol, 71(3):461–468, 2009.
36- Liu Y-C, Chuang K-S, Yu C-C, Chao J-H, Hsu F-Y. "Evaluation of the medical exposure doses regarding dental examinations with different X-ray instruments." Radiat Phys Chem, 116(1):386–392, 2015.
37- Soares MR, Batista WO, de Lara Antonio P, Caldas LV, Maia AF. "Study of effective dose of various protocols in equipment cone beam CT." Appl Radiat Isot, 100(1):21–26, 2015.
38- Commission E. "Cone Beam CT for dental and maxillofacial radiology: evidence-based guidelines." Radiat Prot Publ, 172, 2012.
39- Pauwels R, Beinsberger J, Collaert B, Theodorakou C, Rogers J, Walker A, et al. "Effective dose range for dental cone beam computed tomography scanners." Eur J Radiol, 81(2):267–271, 2012.
40- Dong F, Davros W, Pozzuto J, Reid J. "Optimization of kilovoltage and tube current–exposure time product based on abdominal circumference: an oval phantom study for pediatric abdominal CT." Am J Roentgenol, 199(3):670–676, 2012.
41- Elojeimy S, Tipnis S, Huda W. "Relationship between radiographic techniques (kilovolt and milliampere-second) and CTDIvol." Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 141(1):43–49, 2010.
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| Issue | Vol 9 No 2 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v9i2.8851 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Panoramic Radiography Entrance Surface Doses Thermoluminescence Dosimeter Dosimetry | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Omidi R, Zamani H, Parach AA, Hazbavi M, Dalvand S, Ezoddini-Ardakani F, Shafaei MA, Zare MH. Entrance Surface Dose Measurement at Thyroid and Parotid Gland Regions in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Panoramic Radiography. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2022;9(2):119-126.
