The Effect of The Shape of Magnetic Field on the Viability of Endothelial Cells
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Abstract
Purpose: Magnetic field is one of the effective and non-invasive modalities on biology and angiogenesis. Studies on the effects of magnetic fields on angiogenesis showed that the shape of the magnetic field could potentially affect angiogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to control the frequency, intensity, and duration of exposure of magnetic field while investigating the effect of the shape of the magnetic field on the viability of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).
Materials and Methods: The HUVECs were exposed to various shapes of 50 and 60 Hz magnetic fields with intensities of 0.5 and 1 mT in acute and chronic exposure regimes. The viability of HUVECs was assessed via MTT assay.
Results: Results showed that the sin type 50 and 60 Hz magnetic fields are more effective in decreasing the viability. The rectified 100 and 120 Hz with 1 and 0.5 mT could increase and decrease the viability compared with 50 and 60 Hz, respectively.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the shape of the magnetic field can be an effective factor in biology and must be controlled to have a reliable response.
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26- E. A. Phelps, A. J. Garcia, "Update on therapeutic vascularization strategies," Regenerative Medicine 4(1), pp. 65-80, 2009.
27- C. Schmitz, E. Keller, T. Freuding, J. Silny, H. Korr, "50-Hz magnetic field exposure influences DNA repair and mitochondrial DNA synthesis of distinct cell types in brain and kidney of adult mice," Acta Neuropathology, 107(3), pp. 257-264, 2004.
28- H. Okano, N. Tomita, Y. Ikada, "Effects of 120 mT static magnetic field on TGF-beta1-inhibited endothelial tubular formation in vitro," Bioelectromagnetics, 28(6), pp. 497-499, 2007.
29- S. L. Henry, M. J. Concannon, G. J. Yee, "The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Wound Healing," ePlasty, 8, pp. 393-399, 2008.
30- M. Kaviani Moghadam, S. M. Firoozabadi, M. Janahmadi, "50 Hz alternating extremely low frequency magnetic fields affect excitability, firing and action potential shape through interaction with ionic channels in snail neurones," The Environmentalist, 28(4), pp. 341-347, 2008.
31- M. S. Markov, " Angiogenesis, Magnetic Fields and ‘Window Effects’ " Cardiology, 117, pp. 54-58, 2010.
32- M. S. Markov, "Biological windows: A tribute to W.Ross Adey," The environmentalist, 25, pp. 67-74, 2005.
33- M. Anumaka, "Analysis of Electric circuits using Fourier series," International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), Vol. 1, pp. 125-128, 2012.
34- F. Pajonk, E. Vlashi, W. H. Mcbride, "Radiation Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells: The 4 R's of Radiobiology Revisited," Stem cells, 28(4), pp. 639-648, 2010.
2- T. M. Honnegowda, P. Kumar, E. G. P. Udupa, S. Kumar, U. Kumar, P. Rao, "Role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in acute and chronic wound healing," Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 2, pp. 243-249, 2015.
3- N. S. Bhise, R. B. Shmueli, J. C. Sunshine, S. Y. Tzeng, J. J. Green, "Drug delivery strategies for therapeutic angiogenesis and antiangiogenesis," Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 8(4), pp. 485-504, 2011.
4- J. C. Mckay, F. S. Prato, A. W. Thomas, "A literature review: the effects of magnetic field exposure on blood flow and blood vessels in the microvasculature," Bioelectromagnetics, 28(2), pp. 81-98, 2007.
5- J. B. Haddad, A.G. Obolensky, P. Shinnick, "The biological effects and therapeutic mechanism of action of electric and electromagnetic field stimulation on bone and cartilage: New findings and a review of earlier work," Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 13, pp. 485-490, 2007.
6- S. Ivancsits, E. Diem, O. Jahn, H. Rüdiger, "Intermittent extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields cause DNA damage in a dose-dependent way," International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 76(6), pp. 431-436, 2003.
7- S. Ivancsits, E. Diem, A. Pilger, H. W. Rüdiger, O. Jahn, "Induction of DNA strand breaks by intermittent exposure to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in human diploid fibroblasts," Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 519(1-2), pp. 1-13, 2002.
8- J. P. Mcnamee, P. V. Bellier, J. R. N. Mclean, L. Marro, G. B. Gajda, A. Thansandote, "DNA damage and apoptosis in the immature mouse cerebellum after acute exposure to a 1 mT, 60 Hz magnetic field," Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 513(1-2), pp. 121-133, 2002.
9- H. Lai, N. P. Singh, "Acute exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field increases DNA strand breaks in rat brain cells," Bioelectromagnetics, 18(2), pp. 156-165, 1997.
10- C. Schmitz, E. Keller, T. Freuding, J. Silny, H. Korr, "50-Hz magnetic field exposure influences DNA repair and mitochondrial DNA synthesis of distinct cell types in brain and kidney of adult mice," Acta Neuropathologica, 107(3), pp. 257-264, 2004.
11- I. L. Cameron, M. S. Markov, W. E. Hardman, "Optimization of a therapeutic electromagnetic field (EMF) to retard breast cancer tumor growth and vascularity," Cancer Cell International, 14(1), 2014.
12- R. Seze, Sophietuffet, J. M. Moreau, B. Veyret, "Effects of 100mT Time Varying Magnetic Fields on the Growth of Tumors in Mice," Bioelectromagnetics, 21, pp. 107-111, 2000.
13- I. Tatarov, A. Panda, D. Petkov, K. Kolappaswamy, K. Thompson, A. Kavirayani, et al., "Effect of Magnetic Fields on Tumor Growth and Viability," Comparative Medicine, 61(4), pp. 339-345, 2011.
14- C. D. Williams, M.S Markov, W.E Hardman, I.L Cameron, " Therapeutic electromagnetic field effects on angiogenesis and tumor growth " Anticancer Research, 21, pp. 3887-3892, 2001.
15- A. Mahna, S. M. Firoozabadi, "Environmental 50Hz Magnetic Fields Can Increase Viability of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)," Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 13(2), pp. 100-108, 2016.
16- M. Markov, G. Nindl, C. Hazlewood, J. Cuppen. Bioelectromagnetics Current concepts: Interactions between electromagnetic fields and Immune system: possible mechanism for pain control. Springer, 2006. pp. 213.
17- M. Jadidi, S. M. Firoozabadi, A. Rashidy-Pour, A. A. Sajadi, H. Sadeghi, A. A. Taherian, "Acute exposure to a 50Hz magnetic field impairs consolidation of spatial memory in rats," Neurobiology of learning and memory, 88(4), pp. 387-392, 2007.
18- S. D. Monache, A. Angelucci, P. Sanita, R. Iorio, F. Bennato, F. Mancini, et al., "Inhibition of angiogenesis mediated by extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs)," PloS one, 8(11), pp. e79309, 2013.
19- K. Uzunca, M. Birtane, N. Tastekin, "Effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in lateral epicondylitis," Clinical Rheumatology, 2007.
20- L. Peng, C. Fu, Z. Liang, Q. Zhang, F. Xiong, L. Chen, et al., "Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Increase Angiogenesis and Improve Cardiac Function After Myocardial Ischemia in Mice," Circulation journal: official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society, 84(2), pp. 186-193, 2020.
21- C. P. Ashdown, S. C. Johns, E. Aminov, M. Unanian, W. Connacher, J. Friend, et al., "Pulsed Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields Induce Tumor Membrane Disruption and Altered Cell Viability," Biophysical Journal, 118(7), pp. 1552-1563, 2020.
22- S. D. Monache, A. Angelucci, P. Sanita, R. Iorio, F. Bennato, F. Mancini, et al., "Inhibition of angiogenesis mediated by extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs)," PLoS One, 8(11), 2013.
23- O. M. Tepper, M. J. Callaghan, E. I. Chang, R. D. Galiano, K. A. Bhatt, S. Baharestani, et al., "Electromagnetic fields increase in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis through endothelial release of FGF-2," The FASEB Journal, 2004.
24- DJ. Medina-Leyte, M. Domínguez-Pérez, I. Mercado, MT. Villarreal-Molina, L. Jacobo-Albavera. “Use of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) as a Model to Study Cardiovascular Disease: A Review,” Applied Sciences, 10(3), 2020.
25- Lee W-S. Endothelial cell proliferation assays. In: Staton CA, Lewis C, Bicknell R, editors. Angiogenesis assays: A critical appraisal of current techniques: Wiley, pp. 40-1, 2007.
26- E. A. Phelps, A. J. Garcia, "Update on therapeutic vascularization strategies," Regenerative Medicine 4(1), pp. 65-80, 2009.
27- C. Schmitz, E. Keller, T. Freuding, J. Silny, H. Korr, "50-Hz magnetic field exposure influences DNA repair and mitochondrial DNA synthesis of distinct cell types in brain and kidney of adult mice," Acta Neuropathology, 107(3), pp. 257-264, 2004.
28- H. Okano, N. Tomita, Y. Ikada, "Effects of 120 mT static magnetic field on TGF-beta1-inhibited endothelial tubular formation in vitro," Bioelectromagnetics, 28(6), pp. 497-499, 2007.
29- S. L. Henry, M. J. Concannon, G. J. Yee, "The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Wound Healing," ePlasty, 8, pp. 393-399, 2008.
30- M. Kaviani Moghadam, S. M. Firoozabadi, M. Janahmadi, "50 Hz alternating extremely low frequency magnetic fields affect excitability, firing and action potential shape through interaction with ionic channels in snail neurones," The Environmentalist, 28(4), pp. 341-347, 2008.
31- M. S. Markov, " Angiogenesis, Magnetic Fields and ‘Window Effects’ " Cardiology, 117, pp. 54-58, 2010.
32- M. S. Markov, "Biological windows: A tribute to W.Ross Adey," The environmentalist, 25, pp. 67-74, 2005.
33- M. Anumaka, "Analysis of Electric circuits using Fourier series," International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT), Vol. 1, pp. 125-128, 2012.
34- F. Pajonk, E. Vlashi, W. H. Mcbride, "Radiation Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells: The 4 R's of Radiobiology Revisited," Stem cells, 28(4), pp. 639-648, 2010.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 4 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v8i4.7758 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Angiogenesis Endothelial Cell Magnetic Field Shapes of Field | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mahna A, Solali S, Akbarbeiglou F. The Effect of The Shape of Magnetic Field on the Viability of Endothelial Cells. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2021;8(4):304-310.
