Numerical Modeling of Locoregional Hyperthermia in Human Pelvic Cancers Applied with Capacitive System: Experimental and Simulation Study
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Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to estimate the rate of temperature rise during the radiofrequency capacitive heating (13.56 MHz, 300 watts) to defined geometries including 6 simple geometric models, a virtual phantom, and a real section of the human pelvis obtained by CT-scan. The importance of this study is in the process of Hyperthermia Treatment Planning (HTP).
Materials and Methods: In this research, COMSOL software has been used to numerical model and simulate the three-dimensional (3D). First, six models with simple cylindrical geometry were developed to simulate the Radiofrequency (RF) capacitive hyperthermia treatment sessions. The diameter of the capacitor plates used was 25 cm, which was placed on a layer of water. To perform hyperthermia treatment planning with real geometry based on CT images, the pelvic area was downloaded from the slicer software and the generated mesh was transferred to COMSOL. Finally, a virtual phantom was used to validate the simulation, which means that the results of this simulation have been confirmed by experimental studies in the literature.
Results: The findings of this study indicated that capacitive hyperthermia is an effective deep treatment method especially for lean patients, so that for all models, an increase in temperature to a depth of 12 cm was observed. The thermometric data obtained from the simulation method showed a good agreement with the results obtained from the clinical and tissue equivalent phantom thermometry. The results showed that the simulation can predict temperature changes during capacitive hyperthermia for lean patients with greater accuracy than obese patients.
Conclusion: The results of comparing temperature profiles of the models taken from the platform provided with the experimental studies, showed relatively good simulation accuracy, that can be used to develop software for capacitive heating treatment planning.
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4- Takayuki Ohguri et al., "Relationships between thermal dose parameters and the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy plus regional hyperthermia in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer: data from a multicentre randomised clinical trial." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 34 (No. 4), pp. 461-68, (2018).
5- Margarethus M Paulides, Gerda M Verduijn, and Netteke Van Holthe, "Status quo and directions in deep head and neck hyperthermia." Radiation Oncology, Vol. 11 (No. 1), pp. 1-14, (2016).
6- H Sahinbas, M Rosch, and M Demiray, "Temperature measurements in a capacitive system of deep loco-regional hyperthermia." Electromagnetic biology and medicine, Vol. 36 (No. 3), pp. 248-58, (2017).
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9- Reza Afzalipour et al., "Thermosensitive magnetic nanoparticles exposed to alternating magnetic field and heat-mediated chemotherapy for an effective dual therapy in rat glioma model." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, Vol. 31p. 102319, (2021).
10- Zhila Rajaee, Samideh Khoei, Seied Rabi Mahdavi, Marzieh Ebrahimi, Sakine Shirvalilou, and Alireza Mahdavian, "Evaluation of the effect of hyperthermia and electron radiation on prostate cancer stem cells." Radiation and environmental biophysics, Vol. 57pp. 133-42, (2018).
11- Leili Asadi, Sakine Shirvalilou, Sepideh Khoee, and Samideh Khoei, "Cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil-loaded polymer-coated magnetite nanographene oxide combined with radiofrequency." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), Vol. 18 (No. 8), pp. 1148-55, (2018).
12- SR Mahdavi et al., "Thermal enhancement effect on chemo-radiation of glioblastoma multiform." International Journal of Radiation Research, Vol. 18 (No. 2), pp. 255-62, (2020).
13- Parvin Sadat Mirzaghavami, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, Sakine Shirvalilou, Seied Rabi Mahdavi, and Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi, "Radio-sensitivity enhancement in HT29 cells through magnetic hyperthermia in combination with targeted nano-carrier of 5-Flourouracil." Materials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 124p. 112043, (2021).
14- Leila Kiamohammadi et al., "Physical and biological properties of 5-fluorouracil polymer-coated magnetite nanographene oxide as a new thermosensitizer for alternative magnetic hyperthermia and a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent: in vitro and in vivo study." ACS omega, Vol. 6 (No. 31), pp. 20192-204, (2021).
15- HP Kok, F Navarro, L Strigari, M Cavagnaro, and J Crezee, "Locoregional hyperthermia of deep-seated tumours applied with capacitive and radiative systems: a simulation study." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 34 (No. 6), pp. 714-30, (2018).
16- Niloy R Datta, H Petra Kok, Hans Crezee, Udo S Gaipl, and Stephan Bodis, "Integrating loco-regional hyperthermia into the current oncology practice: SWOT and TOWS analyses." Frontiers in oncology, Vol. 10p. 819, (2020).
17- J Crezee et al., "Hyperthermia of deep seated pelvic tumors with a phased array of eight versus four 70 MHz waveguides." in 2017 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), (2017): IEEE, pp. 876-79.
18- H Petra Kok et al., "Locoregional peritoneal hyperthermia to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis: A simulation study comparing different locoregional heating systems." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 37 (No. 1), pp. 76-88, (2020).
19- Saba Jahangiri, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, Majid Safa, Sakine Shirvalilou, and Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi, "Potential anti-tumor activity of 13.56 MHz alternating magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy on the induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 by up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP proteins." Cancer Nanotechnology, Vol. 12 (No. 1), pp. 1-17, (2021).
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23- Fei Xu, TJ Lu, KA Seffen, and EYK Ng, "Mathematical modeling of skin bioheat transfer." Applied mechanics reviews, Vol. 62 (No. 5), (2009).
24- Samira Kargar, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, Sakine Shirvalilou, and Seied Rabi Mahdavi, "Evaluation of the combined effect of NIR laser and ionizing radiation on cellular damages induced by IUdR-loaded PLGA-coated Nano-graphene oxide." Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, Vol. 21pp. 91-97, (2018).
25- Sakine Shirvalilou, Sepideh Khoee, Samideh Khoei, Mohammad Reza Karimi, Elaheh Sadri, and Milad Shirvaliloo, "Targeted magnetochemotherapy modified by 5-Fu-loaded thermally on/off switching nanoheaters for the eradication of CT26 murine colon cancer by inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death." Cancer Nanotechnology, Vol. 14 (No. 1), p. 11, (2023).
26- Elaheh Esmaelbeygi, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, and Samira Eynali, "Role of iron oxide core of polymeric nanoparticles in the thermosensitivity of colon cancer cell line HT-29." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 31 (No. 5), pp. 489-97, (2015).
27- Roghayeh Sheervalilou et al., "Magnetohyperthermia-synergistic glioma cancer therapy enabled by magnetic graphene oxide nanoheaters: promising nanostructure for in vitro and in vivo applications." Cancer Nanotechnology, Vol. 14 (No. 1), p. 44, (2023).
28- HUGO KROEZE et al., "Comparison of a capacitive and a cavity slot radiative applicator for regional hyperthermia." Thermal Medicine (Japanese Journal of Hyperthermic Oncology), Vol. 18 (No. 2), pp. 75-91, (2002).
29- Margarethus M Paulides et al., "Simulation techniques in hyperthermia treatment planning." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 29 (No. 4), pp. 346-57, (2013).
30- Peter Wust, Martin Seebass, Jacek Nadobny, Peter Deuflhard, Gerhard Mönich, and Roland Felix, "Simulation studies promote technological development of radiofrequency phased array hyperthermia." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 25 (No. 7), pp. 517-28, (2009).
2- Rasoul Irajirad et al., "Combined thermo-chemotherapy of cancer using 1 MHz ultrasound waves and a cisplatin-loaded sonosensitizing nanoplatform: An in vivo study." Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology, Vol. 84 (No. 6), pp. 1315-21, (2019).
3- Olya Changizi, Samideh Khoei, Alireza Mahdavian, Sakine Shirvalilou, Seied Rabi Mahdavi, and Jaber Keyvan Rad, "Enhanced radiosensitivity of LNCaP prostate cancer cell line by gold-photoactive nanoparticles modified with folic acid." Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, Vol. 29p. 101602, (2020).
4- Takayuki Ohguri et al., "Relationships between thermal dose parameters and the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy plus regional hyperthermia in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer: data from a multicentre randomised clinical trial." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 34 (No. 4), pp. 461-68, (2018).
5- Margarethus M Paulides, Gerda M Verduijn, and Netteke Van Holthe, "Status quo and directions in deep head and neck hyperthermia." Radiation Oncology, Vol. 11 (No. 1), pp. 1-14, (2016).
6- H Sahinbas, M Rosch, and M Demiray, "Temperature measurements in a capacitive system of deep loco-regional hyperthermia." Electromagnetic biology and medicine, Vol. 36 (No. 3), pp. 248-58, (2017).
7- HP Kok et al., "Treatment planning facilitates clinical decision making for hyperthermia treatments." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 38 (No. 1), pp. 532-51, (2021).
8- HP Kok and J Crezee, "A comparison of the heating characteristics of capacitive and radiative superficial hyperthermia." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 33 (No. 4), pp. 378-86, (2017).
9- Reza Afzalipour et al., "Thermosensitive magnetic nanoparticles exposed to alternating magnetic field and heat-mediated chemotherapy for an effective dual therapy in rat glioma model." Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, Vol. 31p. 102319, (2021).
10- Zhila Rajaee, Samideh Khoei, Seied Rabi Mahdavi, Marzieh Ebrahimi, Sakine Shirvalilou, and Alireza Mahdavian, "Evaluation of the effect of hyperthermia and electron radiation on prostate cancer stem cells." Radiation and environmental biophysics, Vol. 57pp. 133-42, (2018).
11- Leili Asadi, Sakine Shirvalilou, Sepideh Khoee, and Samideh Khoei, "Cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil-loaded polymer-coated magnetite nanographene oxide combined with radiofrequency." Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), Vol. 18 (No. 8), pp. 1148-55, (2018).
12- SR Mahdavi et al., "Thermal enhancement effect on chemo-radiation of glioblastoma multiform." International Journal of Radiation Research, Vol. 18 (No. 2), pp. 255-62, (2020).
13- Parvin Sadat Mirzaghavami, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, Sakine Shirvalilou, Seied Rabi Mahdavi, and Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi, "Radio-sensitivity enhancement in HT29 cells through magnetic hyperthermia in combination with targeted nano-carrier of 5-Flourouracil." Materials Science and Engineering: C, Vol. 124p. 112043, (2021).
14- Leila Kiamohammadi et al., "Physical and biological properties of 5-fluorouracil polymer-coated magnetite nanographene oxide as a new thermosensitizer for alternative magnetic hyperthermia and a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent: in vitro and in vivo study." ACS omega, Vol. 6 (No. 31), pp. 20192-204, (2021).
15- HP Kok, F Navarro, L Strigari, M Cavagnaro, and J Crezee, "Locoregional hyperthermia of deep-seated tumours applied with capacitive and radiative systems: a simulation study." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 34 (No. 6), pp. 714-30, (2018).
16- Niloy R Datta, H Petra Kok, Hans Crezee, Udo S Gaipl, and Stephan Bodis, "Integrating loco-regional hyperthermia into the current oncology practice: SWOT and TOWS analyses." Frontiers in oncology, Vol. 10p. 819, (2020).
17- J Crezee et al., "Hyperthermia of deep seated pelvic tumors with a phased array of eight versus four 70 MHz waveguides." in 2017 47th European Microwave Conference (EuMC), (2017): IEEE, pp. 876-79.
18- H Petra Kok et al., "Locoregional peritoneal hyperthermia to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis: A simulation study comparing different locoregional heating systems." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 37 (No. 1), pp. 76-88, (2020).
19- Saba Jahangiri, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, Majid Safa, Sakine Shirvalilou, and Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi, "Potential anti-tumor activity of 13.56 MHz alternating magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy on the induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 by up-regulation of Bax, cleaved caspase 3&9, and cleaved PARP proteins." Cancer Nanotechnology, Vol. 12 (No. 1), pp. 1-17, (2021).
20- Tijjani Adam and U Hashim, "COMSOL multiphysics simulation in biomedical engineering." Advanced Materials Research, Vol. 832pp. 511-16, (2014).
21- "https://www.slicer.org/wiki/CitingSlicer."
22- "https://www.comsol.com."
23- Fei Xu, TJ Lu, KA Seffen, and EYK Ng, "Mathematical modeling of skin bioheat transfer." Applied mechanics reviews, Vol. 62 (No. 5), (2009).
24- Samira Kargar, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, Sakine Shirvalilou, and Seied Rabi Mahdavi, "Evaluation of the combined effect of NIR laser and ionizing radiation on cellular damages induced by IUdR-loaded PLGA-coated Nano-graphene oxide." Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, Vol. 21pp. 91-97, (2018).
25- Sakine Shirvalilou, Sepideh Khoee, Samideh Khoei, Mohammad Reza Karimi, Elaheh Sadri, and Milad Shirvaliloo, "Targeted magnetochemotherapy modified by 5-Fu-loaded thermally on/off switching nanoheaters for the eradication of CT26 murine colon cancer by inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death." Cancer Nanotechnology, Vol. 14 (No. 1), p. 11, (2023).
26- Elaheh Esmaelbeygi, Samideh Khoei, Sepideh Khoee, and Samira Eynali, "Role of iron oxide core of polymeric nanoparticles in the thermosensitivity of colon cancer cell line HT-29." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 31 (No. 5), pp. 489-97, (2015).
27- Roghayeh Sheervalilou et al., "Magnetohyperthermia-synergistic glioma cancer therapy enabled by magnetic graphene oxide nanoheaters: promising nanostructure for in vitro and in vivo applications." Cancer Nanotechnology, Vol. 14 (No. 1), p. 44, (2023).
28- HUGO KROEZE et al., "Comparison of a capacitive and a cavity slot radiative applicator for regional hyperthermia." Thermal Medicine (Japanese Journal of Hyperthermic Oncology), Vol. 18 (No. 2), pp. 75-91, (2002).
29- Margarethus M Paulides et al., "Simulation techniques in hyperthermia treatment planning." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 29 (No. 4), pp. 346-57, (2013).
30- Peter Wust, Martin Seebass, Jacek Nadobny, Peter Deuflhard, Gerhard Mönich, and Roland Felix, "Simulation studies promote technological development of radiofrequency phased array hyperthermia." International Journal of Hyperthermia, Vol. 25 (No. 7), pp. 517-28, (2009).
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| Issue | Vol 12 No 4 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v12i4.19823 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Locoregional Hyperthermia Capacitive Hyperthermia Finite Element Method Numerical Modeling COMSOL Multiphysics | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Galian Moradian Z, Nowshiravan Rahatabad F, Pouladian M. Numerical Modeling of Locoregional Hyperthermia in Human Pelvic Cancers Applied with Capacitive System: Experimental and Simulation Study. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2025;12(4):861-870.
