The New Anti-Estrogens with Anti-Cancer Properties for Breast Cancer
Abstract
Purpose: Considering the high prevalence of breast cancer and the radiation sensitivity of breast tissue, it is necessary to optimize the treatment process of this tumor, especially when using radiation therapy methods.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect and complications of new anti-estrogens on the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment.
Materials and Methods: Articles were searched in PubMed, Science direct, Embassy, Cochran, and Scopus databases using the keywords Cancer AND Anti-estrogen, Breast Cancer AND anti-estrogen AND mice, Breast cancer And anti-estrogen AND rat. The authors reviewed the abstract and full text of the articles and the relevant studies were selected for systematic review.
Results: The anti-estrogens used in the reviewed studies included TAM, RAL, SS1020, SS1010, GW5638, OSP, 4-OHTAM, and TOR. Anti-estrogen-related side effects included liver and uterine complications, especially in the case of using TAM anti-estrogen (54%). Moreover, uterine hypertrophy was observed using GW5638, RAL, and SS1010 anti-estrogens; while it happened with a lower percentage than TAM, 16%, 14%, and 13%, respectively. Side effects were significantly reduced by reducing the prescribed dose. So that this reduction for TAM is from 54% to 33%. In relation to the effect of antiestrogens on tumor treatment, the most effective and least complications were related to the antiestrogen "SS1020".
Conclusion: Based on the results of reviewed studies, SS1020, which has no estrogenic and genotoxic activity, was safe and the most effective anti-estrogen against breast cancer in animals and also in humans.
2- Amel B Ibrahim, Hala F Zaki, Walaa Wadie, Mervat M Omran, and Samia A Shouman, "Simvastatin evokes an unpredicted antagonism for tamoxifen in mcf-7 breast cancer cells." Cancer Management and Research, Vol. 11p. 10011, (2019).
3- Nahid Chegeni, Fakher Rahim, Marziyeh Tahmasbi, Zahra Farzanegan, and Seyedeh Khadijeh Hosseini, "Measurement and Calculation of Electron Contamination for Radiotherapy Photon Mode." Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 13 (No. 1), (2021).
4- Zahra Farzanegan, Marziyeh Tahmasbi, Mohsen Cheki, Fatameh Yousefvand, and Mohammad Rajabi, "Evaluating the principles of radiation protection in diagnostic radiologic examinations: collimation, exposure factors and use of protective equipment for the patients and their companions." Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences, Vol. 67 (No. 2), pp. 119-27, (2020).
5- Immacolata Capasso et al., "Metabolic syndrome affects breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: National Cancer Institute of Naples experience." Cancer biology & therapy, Vol. 10 (No. 12), pp. 1240-43, (2010).
6- Neil J Vickers, "Animal communication: when i’m calling you, will you answer too?" Current biology, Vol. 27 (No. 14), pp. R713-R15, (2017).
7- S Ferrari et al., "Nonmetastatic Ewing family tumors: high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue in poor responder patients. Results of the Italian Sarcoma Group/Scandinavian Sarcoma Group III protocol." Annals of oncology, Vol. 22 (No. 5), pp. 1221-27, (2011).
8- Kandace P McGuire et al., "Are mastectomies on the rise? A 13-year trend analysis of the selection of mastectomy versus breast conservation therapy in 5865 patients." Annals of surgical oncology, Vol. 16 (No. 10), pp. 2682-90, (2009).
9- Eeva Salminen, Joanna Izewska, and Pedro Andreo, "IAEA's role in the global management of cancer-focus on upgrading radiotherapy services." Acta Oncologica, Vol. 44 (No. 8), pp. 816-24, (2005).
10- Heba E Elnakib et al., "Manipulating Estrogenic/Anti-Estrogenic Activity of Triphenylethylenes towards Development of Novel Anti-Neoplastic SERMs." International journal of molecular sciences, Vol. 22 (No. 22), p. 12575, (2021).
11- YR Santosh Laxmi et al., "Anti‐breast cancer potential of SS1020, a novel antiestrogen lacking estrogenic and genotoxic actions." International journal of cancer, Vol. 127 (No. 7), pp. 1718-26, (2010).
12- Mansour Zabihzadeh et al., "Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Techniques in Prostate Cancer and Prostatitis." Archives of Iranian Medicine, Vol. 23 (No. 2), pp. 104-12, (2020).
13- Mark Clemons, Sarah Danson, and Anthony Howell, "Tamoxifen (‘Nolvadex’): a review: Antitumour treatment." Cancer treatment reviews, Vol. 28 (No. 4), pp. 165-80, (2002).
14- Milena Rondón-Lagos et al., "Effect of low doses of estradiol and tamoxifen on breast cancer cell karyotypes." Endocrine-Related Cancer, Vol. 23 (No. 8), p. 635, (2016).
15- Naomi Suzuki et al., "Anti‐breast cancer potential of SS5020, a novel benzopyran antiestrogen." International journal of cancer, Vol. 128 (No. 4), pp. 974-82, (2011).
16- Leslie Bernstein et al., "Tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer and endometrial cancer risk." Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Vol. 91 (No. 19), pp. 1654-62, (1999).
17- Shinya Shibutani et al., "Identification of tamoxifen–DNA adducts in the endometrium of women treated with tamoxifen." Carcinogenesis, Vol. 21 (No. 8), pp. 1461-67, (2000).
18- Elizabeth A Martin et al., "Tamoxifen DNA damage detected in human endometrium using accelerator mass spectrometry." Cancer Research, Vol. 63 (No. 23), pp. 8461-65, (2003).
19- Alistair Ring and Mitch Dowsett, "Mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance." Endocrine-Related Cancer, Vol. 11 (No. 4), pp. 643-58, (2004).
20- David H Phillips, "Understanding the genotoxicity of tamoxifen?" Carcinogenesis, Vol. 22 (No. 6), pp. 839-49, (2001).
21- Amy S Clark, Kip West, Samantha Streicher, and Phillip A Dennis, "Constitutive and inducible Akt activity promotes resistance to chemotherapy, trastuzumab, or tamoxifen in breast cancer cells." Molecular cancer therapeutics, Vol. 1 (No. 9), pp. 707-17, (2002).
22- Thomas Bachelot et al., "Randomized phase II trial of everolimus in combination with tamoxifen in patients with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative metastatic breast cancer with prior exposure to aromatase inhibitors: A GINECO study." Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 30 (No. 22), pp. 2718-24, (2012).
23- Isabel Chu, Kimberly Blackwell, Susie Chen, and Joyce Slingerland, "The dual ErbB1/ErbB2 inhibitor, lapatinib (GW572016), cooperates with tamoxifen to inhibit both cell proliferation-and estrogen-dependent gene expression in antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer." Cancer Research, Vol. 65 (No. 1), pp. 18-25, (2005).
24- Dipali Sharma, Neeraj K Saxena, Nancy E Davidson, and Paula M Vertino, "Restoration of tamoxifen sensitivity in estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer cells: tamoxifen-bound reactivated ER recruits distinctive corepressor complexes." Cancer Research, Vol. 66 (No. 12), pp. 6370-78, (2006).
25- Shu-Chuan Weng et al., "Sensitizing estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer cells to tamoxifen with OSU-03012, a novel celecoxib-derived phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1/Akt signaling inhibitor." Molecular cancer therapeutics, Vol. 7 (No. 4), pp. 800-08, (2008).
26- Kung M Sutherland et al., "Effects of SP500263, a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator, on bone, uterus, and serum cholesterol in the ovariectomized rat." Calcified tissue international, Vol. 72 (No. 6), pp. 710-16, (2003).
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 4 (2023) | |
| Section | Systematic Review(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v10i4.13731 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Breast Neoplasm Anti-Estrogen Rat Mice | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
