Effects of Tellurium Oxide (TeO2) Particles on the Thermal Conductivity, Hardness, and Roughness of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers
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Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to evaluate how different concentrations of TeO2 filler particles influence the thermal conductivity, hardness, and surface roughness of room-temperature-vulcanizing VerSiltal 50 silicone elastomeric materials.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 samples were prepared by varying the weight percentages of TeO2 powder (0, 3, and 5 wt. %). Thirty samples from each group were used in the analysis. Two experimental groups with 3 and 5 wt. % of TeO2 fillers were prepared and subjected to thermal conductivity, surface hardness, and surface roughness tests. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with multiple comparison tests, and a P value <0.05 indicated significance.
Results: Thermal conductivity and hardness improved as the percentage of TeO2 increased from 3 wt. % to 5 wt. %, compared with those in the control group, whereas surface roughness decreased.
Conclusion: The means for thermal conductivity and surface hardness of the 3 and 5 wt. % TeO2 experimental groups increased significantly relative to those in the control group.
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23- Sebnem Kemaloglu, Guralp Ozkoc, and Ayse Aytac, "Properties of thermally conductive micro and nano size boron nitride reinforced silicon rubber composites." Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 499 (No. 1-2), pp. 40-47, (2010).
24- Judit E Puskas et al., "A nanostructured carbon-reinforced polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomer." Biomaterials, Vol. 31 (No. 9), pp. 2477-88,(2010).
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28- Zubeda Begum, Mohammed Zaheer Kola, and Paran Joshi, "Analysis of the properties of commercially available silicone elastomers for maxillofacial prostheses." International Journal of Contemporary Dentistry, Vol. 2 (No. 4), (2011).
29- Sara M Zayed, Ahmad M Alshimy, and Amal E Fahmy, "Effect of surface treated silicon dioxide nanoparticles on some mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomer." International journal of biomaterials, Vol. 2014, (2014).
30- Mohammed A Alsmael and Mohammed Moudhaffer Mohammed Ali, "The effect of nano titanium silicate addition on some properties of maxillofacial silicone material." Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, Vol. 6 (No. 5), pp. 127-32, (2018).
31- Ahmed Aj AbdulKareem and Thekra I Hamad, "The effects of nano alumina on mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone (pilot study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, Vol. 31 (No. 4), (2019).
32- MA Basima and Ali MA Aljafery, "Effect of addition ZrO2-Al2O3 nanoparticles mixture on some properties and denture base adaptation of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, Vol. 27 (No. 3), pp. 15-21, (2015).
33- Ayman A Al-Dharrab, Seham B Tayel, and Mona H Abodaya, "The effect of different storage conditions on the physical properties of pigmented medical grade I silicone maxillofacial material." International Scholarly Research Notices, Vol. 2013, (2013).
34- Kenneth J Anusavice, Chiayi Shen, and H Ralph Rawls, Phillips' science of dental materials. Elsevier Health Sciences, (2012).
2- Abdalbaseet A Fatalla, Manar E AlSamaraay, and Raghdaa K Jassim, "Effect of the Addition of Polyamide (Nylon 6) Micro-Particles on Some Mechanical Properties of RTV Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Before and After Artificial Aging." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, Vol. 10 (No. 4), pp. 1933-42, (2017).
3- Abdalbseet A Fatalla, Mustafa S Tukmachi, and Ghasak H Jani, "Assessment of some mechanical properties of PMMA/silica/zirconia nanocomposite as a denture base material." in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, (2020), Vol. 987 (No. 1): IOP Publishing, p. 012031.
4- Humam M Al-Somaiday, Mohammed Moudhaffer, and Abdalbseet AFatalla, "Comparing the impact strength and transverse flexure strength of three different dentures base materials." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, Vol. 11 (No. 1), pp. 255-63, (2018).
5- Ali Tarighatnia, Gurkaran Johal, Ayuob Aghanejad, Hossein Ghadiri, and Nader D Nader, "Tips and tricks in molecular imaging: a practical approach." Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, Vol. 8 (No. 3), pp. 226-35, (2021).
6- Qiuhong Mu, Shengyu Feng, and Guangzhao Diao, "Thermal conductivity of silicone rubber filled with ZnO." Polymer composites, Vol. 28 (No. 2), pp. 125-30, (2007).
7- Soon Cheon Cho, Yong Cheol Hong, and Han Sup Uhm, "TeO2 nanoparticles synthesized by evaporation of tellurium in atmospheric microwave-plasma torch-flame." Chemical physics letters, Vol. 429 (No. 1-3), pp. 214-18 (2006).
8- V Nagarajan and R Chandiramouli, "TeO2 nanostructures as a NO2 sensor: DFT investigation." Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Vol. 1049pp. 20-27, (2014).
9- J Atta Allah and M Muddhaffer, "Influence of artificial weathering on some properties of nano silicon dioxide incorporated into maxillofacial silicone." Indian Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 6pp. 423-28, (2017).
10- M Tukmachi and M Moudhaffer, "Effect of nano silicon dioxide addition on some properties of heat vulcanized maxillofacial silicone elastomer." IOSR-JPBS, Vol. 12 (No. 3), pp. 37-43, (2017).
11- Daniela Micheline dos Santos, Marcelo Coelho Goiato, Amália Moreno, Aldiéris Alves Pesqueira, Stéfan Fiuza de Carvalho Dekon, and Aimèe Maria Guiotti, "Effect of addition of pigments and opacifier on the hardness, absorption, solubility and surface degradation of facial silicone after artificial ageing." Polymer degradation and stability, Vol. 97 (No. 8), pp. 1249-53, (2012).
12- Marcela Filié Haddad, Marcelo Coelho Goiato, Daniela Micheline dos Santos, Amália Moreno, Nuno Filipe D’almeida, and Aldiéris Alves Pesqueira, "Color stability of maxillofacial silicone with nanoparticle pigment and opacifier submitted to disinfection and artificial aging." Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 16 (No. 9), pp. 095004-04-6,(2011).
13- Hussein A Abdullah and Faiza M Abdul-Ameer, "Evaluation of some mechanical properties of a new silicone elastomer for maxillofacial prostheses after addition of intrinsic pigments." The Saudi Dental Journal, Vol. 30 (No. 4), pp. 330-36, (2018).
14- N Sombatsompop and AK Wood, "Measurement of thermal conductivity of polymers using an improved Lee's Disc apparatus." Polymer Testing, Vol. 16 (No. 3), pp. 203-23, (1997).
15- Houngan Comlan Aristide, Fannou Jean-Louis Comlan, Gbenontin V Bertrand, Djossou Armand, Anjorin Malahimi, and Vianou Antoine, "Assessment of the thermal conductivity of local building materials using Lee’s disc and hot strip devices." Asian J. Adv. Basic Sci, Vol. 7 (No. 2), pp. 5-13, (2019).
16- M. Nelkon and P. Parker, Advanced Level Physics: By M. Nelkon and P. Parker. Heinemann Educational Books, (1964).
17- BS ISO, "7619-1: 2010 Rubber, Vulcanized or Thermoplastic—Determination of Indentation Hardness—Part 1: Durometer Method (Shore Hardness)." International Organization of Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, (2010).
18- American Society of Mechanical Engineers, "ASME B46. 1‐2009. Surface texture (surface roughness, waviness and lay)." (2009): ASME New York, NY.
19- Marcelo Coelho Goiato, Aldiéris Alves Pesqueira, Cristina Ramos da Silva, Humberto Gennari Filho, and Daniela Micheline Dos Santos, "Patient satisfaction with maxillofacial prosthesis. Literature review." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Vol. 62 (No. 2), pp. 175-80, (2009).
20- JM Powers and RL Sakaguchi, "Craig’s Restorative Dental Materials Mosby Elsevier Int." St Louis, Mo, (2006).
21- Andrew A Wereszczak et al., "Thermally conductive MgO-filled epoxy molding compounds." IEEE transactions on components, packaging and manufacturing technology, Vol. 3 (No. 12), pp. 1994-2005, (2013).
22- Hsiao Yen Ng, Xuehong Lu, and Soo Khim Lau, "Thermal conductivity of boron nitride‐filled thermoplastics: effect of filler characteristics and composite processing conditions." Polymer composites, Vol. 26 (No. 6), pp. 778-90, (2005).
23- Sebnem Kemaloglu, Guralp Ozkoc, and Ayse Aytac, "Properties of thermally conductive micro and nano size boron nitride reinforced silicon rubber composites." Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 499 (No. 1-2), pp. 40-47, (2010).
24- Judit E Puskas et al., "A nanostructured carbon-reinforced polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomer." Biomaterials, Vol. 31 (No. 9), pp. 2477-88,(2010).
25- Amit Devpura, Ptrick E Phelan, and Ravi S Prasher, "Percolation theory applied to the analysis of thermal interface materials in flip-chip technology." in ITHERM 2000. The Seventh Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (Cat. No. 00CH37069), (2000), Vol. 1: IEEE, pp. 21-28.
26- Christopher Kagenda et al., "Silicone elastomer composites fabricated with MgO and MgO-multi-wall carbon nanotubes with improved thermal conductivity." Nanomaterials, Vol. 11 (No. 12), p. 3418, (2021).
27- Wenying Zhou, Shuhua Qi, Chunchao Tu, Hongzhen Zhao, Caifeng Wang, and Jingli Kou, "Effect of the particle size of Al2O3 on the properties of filled heat‐conductive silicone rubber." Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 104 (No. 2), pp. 1312-18,(2007).
28- Zubeda Begum, Mohammed Zaheer Kola, and Paran Joshi, "Analysis of the properties of commercially available silicone elastomers for maxillofacial prostheses." International Journal of Contemporary Dentistry, Vol. 2 (No. 4), (2011).
29- Sara M Zayed, Ahmad M Alshimy, and Amal E Fahmy, "Effect of surface treated silicon dioxide nanoparticles on some mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomer." International journal of biomaterials, Vol. 2014, (2014).
30- Mohammed A Alsmael and Mohammed Moudhaffer Mohammed Ali, "The effect of nano titanium silicate addition on some properties of maxillofacial silicone material." Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, Vol. 6 (No. 5), pp. 127-32, (2018).
31- Ahmed Aj AbdulKareem and Thekra I Hamad, "The effects of nano alumina on mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone (pilot study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, Vol. 31 (No. 4), (2019).
32- MA Basima and Ali MA Aljafery, "Effect of addition ZrO2-Al2O3 nanoparticles mixture on some properties and denture base adaptation of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, Vol. 27 (No. 3), pp. 15-21, (2015).
33- Ayman A Al-Dharrab, Seham B Tayel, and Mona H Abodaya, "The effect of different storage conditions on the physical properties of pigmented medical grade I silicone maxillofacial material." International Scholarly Research Notices, Vol. 2013, (2013).
34- Kenneth J Anusavice, Chiayi Shen, and H Ralph Rawls, Phillips' science of dental materials. Elsevier Health Sciences, (2012).
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i4.16507 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Tellurium Oxide Silicone Elastomer Room-Temperature Vulcanizing VerSilTal 50 Thermal Conductivity Physical Properties | ||
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How to Cite
1.
H. Hasan M, A Fatalla A. Effects of Tellurium Oxide (TeO2) Particles on the Thermal Conductivity, Hardness, and Roughness of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2023;11(4):589-596.
