Wettability, UV Absorption, and SEM Investigation of PMMA after Immersion in Ozone Water
,
Abstract
Purpose: Denture stomatitis, poor oral health, and angular cheilitis can all result from bacterial and fungal colonization. As a result, denture cleaners have been suggested to preserve the longevity of partially removable dentures and the health of the oral mucosa. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of ozone water on Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) by studying wettability, Ultraviolet (UV) absorption, and surface topography following soaking for 10 and 20 minutes at a 2 mg/l concentration.
Materials and Methods: A sixty-disc-shaped sample of polymethacrylate material (Ivoclar Vivadent) was fabricated for the wettability and UV absorption tests, and three bar-shaped samples of polymethacrylate material (Ivoclar Vivadent) were fabricated for the surface topography. Three groups were created: the first was the control group (immersion of samples in distal water). Second group (immersion of samples in 2 mg/l of ozone water solution for 10 min), and third group (immersion of samples in 2 mg/l of ozone water solution for 20 min). The contact angle (a wettability parameter) on the surfaces of the samples was measured after each storage period. The UV absorption test was assessed using a spectrophotometer; ANOVA was used to perform statistical analysis on the data at level 0.0.5; and surface topography was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Results: Based on the findings of this research, there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups when testing wettability and UV absorption. There is no change in surface topography when assessed by SEM.
Conclusion: This research concluded that the samples prepared from PMMA material can be safely soaked in an ozone water solution without compromising their properties.
1- Zinah Salah Mawlood and Ghassan Abdul-Hamid Naji, "Bergamot Essential Oil Effect against Candida Albicans Activity on Heat Cure Acrylic Denture Base." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol. 14 (No. 2), (2020).
2- Amal A Rashid, "Effect of Optiglaze Coating on the Staphylococcus aurous and Porosity of Heat Cured Acrylic Material." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, Vol. 34 (No. 2), pp. 7-16, (2022).
3- Saeed Abdul Latteef Abdul-Kareem, "Changes in oral flora of newly edentulous patients, before and after complete dentures insertion." J Bagh Coll Dent, Vol. 24, pp. 65-9, (2012).
4- W Vaiyshnavi, J Brintha Jei, and B Muthu Kumar, "Effect of silver nanoparticles on wettability, anti-fungal effect, flexural strength, and color stability of injection-molded heat-cured polymethylmethacrylate in human saliva." The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, Vol. 22 (No. 4), pp. 368-76, (2022).
5- Seshagiri Muttagi and Jyothi Keralapura Subramanya, "Effect of incorporating seed oils on the antifungal property, surface roughness, wettability, weight change, and glucose sorption of a soft liner." The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, Vol. 117 (No. 1), pp. 178-85, (2017).
6- Raouf Mahmood Raouf, Zaidan Abdul Wahab, Nor Azowa Ibrahim, Zainal Abidin Talib, and Buong Woei Chieng, "Transparent blend of poly (methylmethacrylate)/cellulose acetate butyrate for the protection from ultraviolet." Polymers, Vol. 8 (No. 4), p. 128, (2016).
7- T Caykara and O Güven, "UV degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate) and its vinyltriethoxysilane containing copolymers." Polymer degradation and stability, Vol. 65 (No. 2), pp. 225-29, (1999).
8- C Wochnowski, MA Shams Eldin, and S Metev, "UV-laser-assisted degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate)." Polymer degradation and stability, Vol. 89 (No. 2), pp. 252-64, (2005).
9- Baraa Hasan Kadhim and Wasmaa S Mahmood, "Effect of Gaseous Ozone on Transverse and Impact Strengths of Heat Cure Acrylic Resin: An In Vitro Study." Dental Hypotheses, Vol. 14 (No. 1), p. 13, (2023).
10- Simone Gallo and Andrea Scribante, "Ozone therapy in dentistry: From traditional applications towards innovative ones. A review of the literature." in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, (2021), Vol. 707 (No. 1): IOP Publishing, p. 012001.
11- Hiba A Salih and Faiza M Abdul Ameer, "Evaluating the Antifungal Efficacy of Incorporating Kappa Carrageenan Powder Into ³Heat Cured, Acrylic Based Soft Denture Lining Material." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol. 14 (No. 2), p. 2479, (2020).
12- Aseel Mohammed Al-Khafaji and Thekra Ismael Hamad, "Assessment of Surface Roughness and Surface Wettability of Laser Structuring Commercial Pure Titanium." J Research Med and Dent Sci, Vol. 8 (No. 1), pp. 81-85, (2020).
13- Manuel E Rueda Páramo, Claudia C López Lastra, Juan J García, Éverton KK Fernandes, Ricardo N Marreto, and Christian Luz, "Effect of ultraviolet-A radiation on the production of Leptolegnia chapmanii (Saprolegniales: Saprolegniaceae) zoospores on dead Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae and their larvicidal activity." Journal of invertebrate pathology, Vol. 130, pp. 133-35, (2015).
14- Ying Han, Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, John M Powers, and Yimin Zhao, "Effect of nano-oxide concentration on the mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer." The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, Vol. 100 (No. 6), pp. 465-73, (2008).
15- Y Homma, "III-V Growth, In Situ Observation by Scanning Electron Microscopy of." Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, pp. 3678-81, (2001).
16- Reham M Abdallah and Neven S Aref, "An in vitro assessment of physicomechanical properties of heat-cured denture base resin disinfected by ozonized water." World Journal of Dentistry, Vol. 11 (No. 2), pp. 146-50, (2020).
17- Alcibiades Zissis, Stavros Yannikakis, and Robert G Jagger, "Wettability of denture materials." Quintessence International, Vol. 32 (No. 6), (2001).
18- Neelam Sharma and Vidya Chitre, "An in-vitro comparative study of wettability of four commercially available saliva substitutes and distilled water on heat-polymerized acrylic resin." The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, Vol. 8 (No. 1), pp. 30-35, (2008).
19- Talukdar Alpana, Kalim Ullah, and Rabha Arup Kumar, "Ozone therapy-A boon to dental sciences." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol. 15 (No. 2), pp. 47-51, (2021).
20- KJ Kubiak, MCT Wilson, TG Mathia, and Ph Carval, "Wettability versus roughness of engineering surfaces." Wear, Vol. 271 (No. 3-4), pp. 523-28, (2011).
21- Tomasz Żelaziński, Jacek Słoma, Jacek Skudlarski, and Adam Ekielski, "The rape pomace and microcrystalline cellulose composites made by press processing." Sustainability, Vol. 12 (No. 4), p. 1311, (2020).
22- Masamichi Nishioka, Yoshihisa Yamabe, Kunihiro Hisatsune, and Hiroyuki Fujii, "Influence of polishing of denture base resin and metal surfaces on wettability with water and saliva." Dental materials journal, Vol. 25 (No. 1), pp. 161-65, (2006).
23- Asmaa A Abdulkadir, "Effect of Two Disinfectant Solutions on Wettability of Flexible Denture Base Material." Al-Rafidain Dental Journal, Vol. 15 (No. 2), pp. 424-30, (2015).
24- C Sipahi, N Anil, and E Bayramli, "The effect of acquired salivary pellicle on the surface free energy and wettability of different denture base materials." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 29 (No. 3), pp. 197-204, (2001).
25- Bushra M Alamen and GA Naji, "The effect of adding coconut oil on candida albicans activity and shear bond strength of acrylic based denture soft lining material." J Res Med Dent Sci, Vol. 6 (No. 5), pp. 310-8, (2018).
26- Luma M Al, "The Influence of Saliva, Artificial Saliva and Propolis Extract on the Wettability of Heat− Cured and Visible Light− Cured Den-ture Base Material." Al-Rafidain Dental Journal, Vol. 11 (No. 1), (2011).
27- Ahmed Adnan Abed, "The effect of electrolyzed water on some properties of polyamide and heat cured acrylic resin." MSc thesis. University of Baghdad, (2022).
28- Govinda Verma and Manish Mishra, "Development and optimization of UV-Vis spectroscopy-a review." World J. Pharm. Res, Vol. 7 (No. 11), pp. 1170-80, (2018).
29- FA Skoog, FJ Holler, and TA Nieman, "Introduction to UV spectroscopy." Principle of instrumental analysis, pp. 381-85, (2009).
30- G Tricarico, J Rodrigues Orlandin, V Rocchetti, CE Ambrosio, and Valter Travagli, "A critical evaluation of the use of ozone and its derivatives in dentistry." European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences, Vol. 24 (No. 17), (2020).
31- Chong Li, Jian Zhang, Jun Han, and Banghua Yao, "A numerical solution to the effects of surface roughness on water–coal contact angle." Scientific Reports, Vol. 11 (No. 1), p. 459, (2021).
32- Ozgun Yusuf Ozyilmaz and Ceyda Akin, "Effect of cleansers on denture base resins’ structural properties." Journal of applied biomaterials & functional materials, Vol. 17 (No. 1), p. 2280800019827797, (2019).
33- Bo-Hyeok Yun, Mi-Jung Yun, Jung-Bo Hur, Young-Chan Jeon, and Chang-Mo Jeong, "The efficacy of denture cleansing agents: A scanning electron microscopic study." The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics, Vol. 49 (No. 1), pp. 57-64, (2011).
34- Tatiana Pereira-Cenci, Thais Nunes, Caroline Barwaldt, Aline Pinheiro de Moraes, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, and Noéli Boscato, "Influence of cleansers and a phytotherapic against Candida albicans on the properties of denture liners." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia-UPF, Vol. 19 (No. 2), (2014).
2- Amal A Rashid, "Effect of Optiglaze Coating on the Staphylococcus aurous and Porosity of Heat Cured Acrylic Material." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, Vol. 34 (No. 2), pp. 7-16, (2022).
3- Saeed Abdul Latteef Abdul-Kareem, "Changes in oral flora of newly edentulous patients, before and after complete dentures insertion." J Bagh Coll Dent, Vol. 24, pp. 65-9, (2012).
4- W Vaiyshnavi, J Brintha Jei, and B Muthu Kumar, "Effect of silver nanoparticles on wettability, anti-fungal effect, flexural strength, and color stability of injection-molded heat-cured polymethylmethacrylate in human saliva." The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, Vol. 22 (No. 4), pp. 368-76, (2022).
5- Seshagiri Muttagi and Jyothi Keralapura Subramanya, "Effect of incorporating seed oils on the antifungal property, surface roughness, wettability, weight change, and glucose sorption of a soft liner." The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, Vol. 117 (No. 1), pp. 178-85, (2017).
6- Raouf Mahmood Raouf, Zaidan Abdul Wahab, Nor Azowa Ibrahim, Zainal Abidin Talib, and Buong Woei Chieng, "Transparent blend of poly (methylmethacrylate)/cellulose acetate butyrate for the protection from ultraviolet." Polymers, Vol. 8 (No. 4), p. 128, (2016).
7- T Caykara and O Güven, "UV degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate) and its vinyltriethoxysilane containing copolymers." Polymer degradation and stability, Vol. 65 (No. 2), pp. 225-29, (1999).
8- C Wochnowski, MA Shams Eldin, and S Metev, "UV-laser-assisted degradation of poly (methyl methacrylate)." Polymer degradation and stability, Vol. 89 (No. 2), pp. 252-64, (2005).
9- Baraa Hasan Kadhim and Wasmaa S Mahmood, "Effect of Gaseous Ozone on Transverse and Impact Strengths of Heat Cure Acrylic Resin: An In Vitro Study." Dental Hypotheses, Vol. 14 (No. 1), p. 13, (2023).
10- Simone Gallo and Andrea Scribante, "Ozone therapy in dentistry: From traditional applications towards innovative ones. A review of the literature." in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, (2021), Vol. 707 (No. 1): IOP Publishing, p. 012001.
11- Hiba A Salih and Faiza M Abdul Ameer, "Evaluating the Antifungal Efficacy of Incorporating Kappa Carrageenan Powder Into ³Heat Cured, Acrylic Based Soft Denture Lining Material." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol. 14 (No. 2), p. 2479, (2020).
12- Aseel Mohammed Al-Khafaji and Thekra Ismael Hamad, "Assessment of Surface Roughness and Surface Wettability of Laser Structuring Commercial Pure Titanium." J Research Med and Dent Sci, Vol. 8 (No. 1), pp. 81-85, (2020).
13- Manuel E Rueda Páramo, Claudia C López Lastra, Juan J García, Éverton KK Fernandes, Ricardo N Marreto, and Christian Luz, "Effect of ultraviolet-A radiation on the production of Leptolegnia chapmanii (Saprolegniales: Saprolegniaceae) zoospores on dead Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae and their larvicidal activity." Journal of invertebrate pathology, Vol. 130, pp. 133-35, (2015).
14- Ying Han, Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, John M Powers, and Yimin Zhao, "Effect of nano-oxide concentration on the mechanical properties of a maxillofacial silicone elastomer." The Journal of prosthetic dentistry, Vol. 100 (No. 6), pp. 465-73, (2008).
15- Y Homma, "III-V Growth, In Situ Observation by Scanning Electron Microscopy of." Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, pp. 3678-81, (2001).
16- Reham M Abdallah and Neven S Aref, "An in vitro assessment of physicomechanical properties of heat-cured denture base resin disinfected by ozonized water." World Journal of Dentistry, Vol. 11 (No. 2), pp. 146-50, (2020).
17- Alcibiades Zissis, Stavros Yannikakis, and Robert G Jagger, "Wettability of denture materials." Quintessence International, Vol. 32 (No. 6), (2001).
18- Neelam Sharma and Vidya Chitre, "An in-vitro comparative study of wettability of four commercially available saliva substitutes and distilled water on heat-polymerized acrylic resin." The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, Vol. 8 (No. 1), pp. 30-35, (2008).
19- Talukdar Alpana, Kalim Ullah, and Rabha Arup Kumar, "Ozone therapy-A boon to dental sciences." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Vol. 15 (No. 2), pp. 47-51, (2021).
20- KJ Kubiak, MCT Wilson, TG Mathia, and Ph Carval, "Wettability versus roughness of engineering surfaces." Wear, Vol. 271 (No. 3-4), pp. 523-28, (2011).
21- Tomasz Żelaziński, Jacek Słoma, Jacek Skudlarski, and Adam Ekielski, "The rape pomace and microcrystalline cellulose composites made by press processing." Sustainability, Vol. 12 (No. 4), p. 1311, (2020).
22- Masamichi Nishioka, Yoshihisa Yamabe, Kunihiro Hisatsune, and Hiroyuki Fujii, "Influence of polishing of denture base resin and metal surfaces on wettability with water and saliva." Dental materials journal, Vol. 25 (No. 1), pp. 161-65, (2006).
23- Asmaa A Abdulkadir, "Effect of Two Disinfectant Solutions on Wettability of Flexible Denture Base Material." Al-Rafidain Dental Journal, Vol. 15 (No. 2), pp. 424-30, (2015).
24- C Sipahi, N Anil, and E Bayramli, "The effect of acquired salivary pellicle on the surface free energy and wettability of different denture base materials." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 29 (No. 3), pp. 197-204, (2001).
25- Bushra M Alamen and GA Naji, "The effect of adding coconut oil on candida albicans activity and shear bond strength of acrylic based denture soft lining material." J Res Med Dent Sci, Vol. 6 (No. 5), pp. 310-8, (2018).
26- Luma M Al, "The Influence of Saliva, Artificial Saliva and Propolis Extract on the Wettability of Heat− Cured and Visible Light− Cured Den-ture Base Material." Al-Rafidain Dental Journal, Vol. 11 (No. 1), (2011).
27- Ahmed Adnan Abed, "The effect of electrolyzed water on some properties of polyamide and heat cured acrylic resin." MSc thesis. University of Baghdad, (2022).
28- Govinda Verma and Manish Mishra, "Development and optimization of UV-Vis spectroscopy-a review." World J. Pharm. Res, Vol. 7 (No. 11), pp. 1170-80, (2018).
29- FA Skoog, FJ Holler, and TA Nieman, "Introduction to UV spectroscopy." Principle of instrumental analysis, pp. 381-85, (2009).
30- G Tricarico, J Rodrigues Orlandin, V Rocchetti, CE Ambrosio, and Valter Travagli, "A critical evaluation of the use of ozone and its derivatives in dentistry." European Review for Medical & Pharmacological Sciences, Vol. 24 (No. 17), (2020).
31- Chong Li, Jian Zhang, Jun Han, and Banghua Yao, "A numerical solution to the effects of surface roughness on water–coal contact angle." Scientific Reports, Vol. 11 (No. 1), p. 459, (2021).
32- Ozgun Yusuf Ozyilmaz and Ceyda Akin, "Effect of cleansers on denture base resins’ structural properties." Journal of applied biomaterials & functional materials, Vol. 17 (No. 1), p. 2280800019827797, (2019).
33- Bo-Hyeok Yun, Mi-Jung Yun, Jung-Bo Hur, Young-Chan Jeon, and Chang-Mo Jeong, "The efficacy of denture cleansing agents: A scanning electron microscopic study." The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics, Vol. 49 (No. 1), pp. 57-64, (2011).
34- Tatiana Pereira-Cenci, Thais Nunes, Caroline Barwaldt, Aline Pinheiro de Moraes, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, and Noéli Boscato, "Influence of cleansers and a phytotherapic against Candida albicans on the properties of denture liners." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia-UPF, Vol. 19 (No. 2), (2014).
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 4 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v12i4.19825 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Polymethyl Methacrylate Ozone Generator Wettability Spectrophotometer Scanning Electron Microscopy | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Tawfeeq S, Al-Khafaji AM. Wettability, UV Absorption, and SEM Investigation of PMMA after Immersion in Ozone Water. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2025;12(4):882-889.
