Effects of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles on the Hardness, Roughness, and SEM Investigation of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers: An in Vitro Study
Abstract
Purpose: This research aimed to evaluate how different concentrations of MgO nanoparticles influence the hardness, surface roughness, and SEM investigation of VerSiltal 50 silicone elastomeric materials that vulcanize at room temperature.
Materials and Methods: Using different weight percentages of MgO nanoparticles, 60 samples were created (0%, 0.5%, and 1% by wt.). The analysis made use of thirty samples from each group. Tests for surface roughness and surface hardness were performed on two experimental groups that contained 0.5% and 1% weight of MgO nanoparticles. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with multiple comparison tests were used to evaluate the data, and significance was indicated by a P value < 0.05. Scanning electron microscopy was used to measure the surface topography (SEM). Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) can be used to determine the distribution of Magnesium Oxide within the VST-50 silicone matrix.
Results: Surface roughness and hardness increased as the percentage of MgO nanoparticles increased from 0.5 wt. % to 1 wt. %, compared with those in the control group. The SEM test showed a good dispersion of the nanofillers and incorporation within the polymeric matrix of silicone. It showed that there was a slight little agglomeration of Nano filler particles as filler loading increased.
Conclusion: Compared to the control group, the means for surface roughness and hardness increased significantly in the 0.5 and 1 wt.% MgO experimental groups.
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14- Tukmachi, M. and M. Moudhaffer "Effect of nano silicon dioxide addition on some properties of heat vulcanized maxillofacial silicone elastomer." IOSR-JPBS 12(3): 37-43, (2017).
15- Santos, D. Goiat, Diabetes. Moreno, MD. Pesqueira, A. Carvalho de Con, D.; Guiotti, SF Effect of pigment and sunscreen additions on hardness, absorbency, solubility, and surface degradation of facial silicones after artificial aging. Polym Degrad Stab;97(8):1249-53, (2012).
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18- Hasan, M. H. and A. A. Fatalla "Effects of Tellurium Oxide (TeO2) Particles on the Thermal Conductivity, Hardness, and Roughness of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers." Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, (2023).
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24- Al-Sarray, A. J., Al-Mussawi, I. M., Al-Noor, T. H., and Abu-Zaid, Y. Organo-Clay Composites of Intercalated 4-Methylaniline and Its Schiff Base Derivative: Preparation and Characterization. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 5(6): 1094-1101, (2022).
25- Alsmael, M. A. and M. M. M. Ali. "The effect of nano titanium silicate addition on some properties of maxillofacial silicone material." Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science 6(5): 127-132, (2018).
26- AbdulKareem, A. A. and T. I. Hamad. "The effects of nano alumina on mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone (pilot study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 31(4), (2019).
27- Basima, M. and A. M. Aljafery. "Effect of addition ZrO2-Al2O3 nanoparticles mixture on some properties and denture base adaptation of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 27(3): 15-21, (2015).
28- AbdulKareem, A. A. and T. I. Hamad. "The effects of nano alumina on mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone (pilot study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 31(4), (2019).
29- Al-Dharrab, A. A., et al. "The effect of different storage conditions on the physical properties of pigmented medical grade I silicone maxillofacial material." International Scholarly Research Notices 2013, (2013).
30- Alanssari, B. F. and B. S. Khalaf. "Effect of Addition of Composite Polyamide Micro Particles and Silicone Dioxide NanoParticle on Some Mechanical Properties of Room Temperature Vulcanized Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Before and after Artificial Aging." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 14(1), (2020).
2- Fatihallah, A. A. and M. E. Alsamaraay "Effect of polyamide (Nylon 6) micro-particles incorporation into RTV maxillofacial silicone elastomer on tear and tensile strength." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 29(4): 7-12, (2017).
3- Fatalla, A. A., et al. "Effect of the Addition of Polyamide (Nylon 6) Micro-Particles on Some Mechanical Properties of RTV Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Before and After Artificial Aging." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 10(4): 1933-1942, (2017).
4- Fatalla, A. A., et al. Assessment of some mechanical properties of PMMA/silica/zirconia nanocomposite as a denture base material. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing, (2020).
5- Al-Somaiday, H. M., et al. "Comparing the impact strength and transverse flexure strength of three different dentures base materials." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11(1): 255-263, (2018).
6- AbdulKareem, A. A. and T. I. Hamad "The effects of nano alumina on mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone (pilot study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 31(4), (2019).
7- AbdulKareem, A. A. and T. I. Hamad "The effects of nano alumina on mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone (pilot study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 31(4), (2019).
8- Pilarska, A. A., et al. "Recent development in the synthesis, modification and application of Mg (OH) 2 and MgO: A review." Powder Technology 319: 373-407, (2017).
9- Gajengi, A. L., et al. "Mechanistic aspects of formation of MgO nanoparticles under microwave irradiation and its catalytic application." Advanced Powder Technology 28(4): 1185-1192, (2017).
10- Goh, C., et al. "Characterization of high performance Mg/MgO nanocomposites." Journal of composite materials 41(19): 2325-2335, (2007).
11- Suresh, S. "Investigations on synthesis, structural and electrical properties of MgO nanoparticles by sol–gel method." Ovonic Res 10(6): 205-210, (2014).
12- Tang, Z.-X. and B.-F. Lv "MgO nanoparticles as antibacterial agent: preparation and activity." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 31: 591-601, (2014).
13- Atta Allah, J. and M. Muddhaffer "Influence of artificial weathering on some properties of nano silicon dioxide incorporated into maxillofacial silicone." Indian Journal of Scientific Research 6: 423-428, (2017).
14- Tukmachi, M. and M. Moudhaffer "Effect of nano silicon dioxide addition on some properties of heat vulcanized maxillofacial silicone elastomer." IOSR-JPBS 12(3): 37-43, (2017).
15- Santos, D. Goiat, Diabetes. Moreno, MD. Pesqueira, A. Carvalho de Con, D.; Guiotti, SF Effect of pigment and sunscreen additions on hardness, absorbency, solubility, and surface degradation of facial silicones after artificial aging. Polym Degrad Stab;97(8):1249-53, (2012).
16- Filié Haddad, M., et al. "Color stability of maxillofacial silicone with nanoparticle pigment and opacifier submitted to disinfection and artificial aging." Journal of Biomedical Optics 16(9): 095004-095004-095006, (2011).
17- Abdullah, H. A. and F. M. Abdul-Ameer "Evaluation of some mechanical properties of a new silicone elastomer for maxillofacial prostheses after addition of intrinsic pigments." The Saudi dental journal 30(4): 330-336, (2018).
18- Hasan, M. H. and A. A. Fatalla "Effects of Tellurium Oxide (TeO2) Particles on the Thermal Conductivity, Hardness, and Roughness of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers." Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, (2023).
19- Engineers, A. S. o. M. ASME B46. 1‐2009. Surface texture (surface roughness, waviness and lay), ASME New York, NY, (2009).
20- Goiato, M. C., et al. "Patient satisfaction with maxillofacial prosthesis. Literature review." Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 62(2): 175-180, (2009).
21- Al-Sarray, A. J. A., Al-Kayat, T., Mohammed, B. M., Al-assadi, M. J. B., and Abu-Zaid Y. "Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Intercalated 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-(p-tolyl) methanimine into the Interlayers of Bentonite Clay," Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 5(7):1321-1330, (2022).
22- Begum, Z., et al. "Analysis of the properties of commercially available silicone elastomers for maxillofacial prostheses." International Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 2(4), (2011).
23- Zayed, S. M., et al. "Effect of surface treated silicon dioxide nanoparticles on some mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomer." International journal of biomaterials 2014, (2014).
24- Al-Sarray, A. J., Al-Mussawi, I. M., Al-Noor, T. H., and Abu-Zaid, Y. Organo-Clay Composites of Intercalated 4-Methylaniline and Its Schiff Base Derivative: Preparation and Characterization. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 5(6): 1094-1101, (2022).
25- Alsmael, M. A. and M. M. M. Ali. "The effect of nano titanium silicate addition on some properties of maxillofacial silicone material." Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science 6(5): 127-132, (2018).
26- AbdulKareem, A. A. and T. I. Hamad. "The effects of nano alumina on mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone (pilot study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 31(4), (2019).
27- Basima, M. and A. M. Aljafery. "Effect of addition ZrO2-Al2O3 nanoparticles mixture on some properties and denture base adaptation of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 27(3): 15-21, (2015).
28- AbdulKareem, A. A. and T. I. Hamad. "The effects of nano alumina on mechanical properties of room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone (pilot study)." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 31(4), (2019).
29- Al-Dharrab, A. A., et al. "The effect of different storage conditions on the physical properties of pigmented medical grade I silicone maxillofacial material." International Scholarly Research Notices 2013, (2013).
30- Alanssari, B. F. and B. S. Khalaf. "Effect of Addition of Composite Polyamide Micro Particles and Silicone Dioxide NanoParticle on Some Mechanical Properties of Room Temperature Vulcanized Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomer Before and after Artificial Aging." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 14(1), (2020).
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 3 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v12i3.19169 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Biocompatibility VerSilTal 50 Room Temperature Vulcanizing Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hasan OH, Saleh Abdullah Z. Effects of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles on the Hardness, Roughness, and SEM Investigation of Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers: An in Vitro Study. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2025;12(3):479-484.
