Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of the Maxillary Permanent First Molar among Iraqi Population: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study (Retrospective Study)
,
Abstract
Purpose: Endodontic success is mainly depends on the complete root canal system debridement, both mechanically and chemically. Maxillary first molar possesses a root canal system that is one of the most complex anatomy. The aim of this study was to map the root canal anatomy of maxillary first molar and its variations. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) and its possible relation to the gender of the patient among Iraqi population.
Materials and Methods: CBCT scan images from documented archives of 415 patients who had maxillofacial diagnosis or root canal treatment were used in this study. A total of 656 maxillary first molars (336 female and 320 male) were included. The configuration of the root canal, frequency of (MB2) and its bilateral symmetry was observed. The chi-square test was used to calculate the gender correlation. (p<0.05) was considered significant.
Results: In (61.1%) of the cases, the MB2 canal was discovered with high bilateral symmetry (73.6%). Genders did not show any statistically significant differences.
Conclusion: The presence of MB2 canal in the maxillary first molars is high and approximately more than the half of the cases. No relation was found between the existence of MB2 canal and the gender of the patient. CBCT is a clinically efficient method for the diagnosis and improvement of the root canal treatment.
1- Nelson Alexander Fernandes, Dirk Herbst, Thomas Corne Postma, and Belinda Kathleen Bunn, "The prevalence of second canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars: A cone beam computed tomography study." Australian Endodontic Journal, Vol. 45 (No. 1), pp. 46-50, (2019).
2- Claudia Rezende Gomes Alves, Márcia Martins Marques, Maria Stella Moreira, Sueli Patricia Harumi Miyagi de Cara, Carlos Eduardo Silveira Bueno, and Cesar Ângelo Lascala, "Second mesiobuccal root canal of maxillary first molars in a Brazilian population in high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography." Iranian Endodontic Journal, Vol. 13 (No. 1), p. 71, (2018).
3- Zhi-Hui Zhang, Hai-Lin Yao, Yan Zhang, and Xiao Wang, "Endodontic management of the maxillary first molar with special root canals: A case report and review of the literature." World Journal of Clinical Cases, Vol. 8 (No. 12), p. 2590, (2020).
4- Ravindranath Megha, Venkatachalam Prakash, Suresh Mitthra, and Arunajatesan Subbiya, "Endodontic Management of Maxillary First Molar with Seven Root Canals Diagnosed Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report." World, Vol. 12 (No. 1), p. 90, (2021).
5- Sezer Demirbuga, Ahmet E Sekerci, Asiye N Dinçer, Muhammed Cayabatmaz, and Yahya O Zorba, "Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate root and canal morphology of mandibular first and second molars in Turkish individuals." Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, Vol. 18 (No. 4), p. e737, (2013).
6- K Gulabivala, A Opasanon, Y‐L Ng, and A Alavi, "Root and canal morphology of Thai mandibular molars." International endodontic journal, Vol. 35 (No. 1), pp. 56-62, (2002).
7- Franklin Pineda and Yury Kuttler, "Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation of 7,275 root canals." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Vol. 33 (No. 1), pp. 101-10, (1972).
8- Sperber and Moreau, "Study of the number of roots and canals in Senegalese first permanent mandibular molars." International endodontic journal, Vol. 31 (No. 2), pp. 117-22, (1998).
9- Bing Fan, Gary SP Cheung, Mingwen Fan, James L Gutmann, and Zhuan Bian, "C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part I—anatomical features." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 30 (No. 12), pp. 899-903, (2004).
10- Chih-Chia Huang et al., "Evaluation of root and canal systems of mandibular first molars in Taiwanese individuals using cone-beam computed tomography." Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Vol. 109 (No. 4), pp. 303-08, (2010).
11- R Zhang, H Yang, X Yu, H Wang, T Hu, and Paul Michael Howell Dummer, "Use of CBCT to identify the morphology of maxillary permanent molar teeth in a Chinese subpopulation." International endodontic journal, Vol. 44 (No. 2), pp. 162-69, (2011).
12- Jojo Kottoor, Natanasabapathy Velmurugan, Rajmohan Sudha, and Senthilkumar Hemamalathi, "Maxillary first molar with seven root canals diagnosed with cone-beam computed tomography scanning: a case report." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 36 (No. 5), pp. 915-21, (2010).
13- Pablo Betancourt, Pablo Navarro, Mario Cantín, and Ramón Fuentes, "Cone-beam computed tomography study of prevalence and location of MB2 canal in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar." International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, Vol. 8 (No. 6), p. 9128, (2015).
14- Ahmed Mostafa Ghobashy, Mohamed Mokhtar Nagy, and Amr Ahmed Bayoumi, "Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent molars in an Egyptian population by cone-beam computed tomography." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 43 (No. 7), pp. 1089-92, (2017).
15- Jing Guo, Arjang Vahidnia, Parish Sedghizadeh, and Reyes Enciso, "Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent first molars in a North American population by cone-beam computed tomography." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 40 (No. 5), pp. 635-39, (2014).
16- Guldane Magat and Selcuk Hakbilen, "Prevalence of second canal in the mesiobuccal root of permanent maxillary molars from a Turkish subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography study." Folia morphologica, Vol. 78 (No. 2), pp. 351-58, (2019).
17- Trevor C Blattner, Nathan George, Charles C Lee, Vandana Kumar, and Christopher DJ Yelton, "Efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography as a modality to accurately identify the presence of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first and second molars: a pilot study." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 36 (No. 5), pp. 867-70, (2010).
18- Amer A Mohammed, Haitham Dakhil Mohsen, and Sundus Hussein Naser, "Detection of Second Canals in Mesial Root of Maxillary First Molars Using Different Evaluation Methods (In Vitro Study)." Iraqi Dental Journal, Vol. 38 (No. 1), pp. 39-42, (2016).
19- Bestoon Mohammed Faraj, "Prevalence of MB 2 canal in maxillary first molars: An in vitro study on the Sulaimani population." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Science Research, Vol. 2 (No. 3), p. 039Y42, (2014).
20- Soliman M Kamha, "ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE MESIOBUCCAL ROOT IN MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR WITH DIFFERENT METHODS IN EGYPTIAN POPULATION." Egyptian Dental Journal, Vol. 64 (No. 2-April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)), pp. 1661-72, (2018).
21- Jeffrey D Domark, John F Hatton, Roxanne P Benison, and Charles F Hildebolt, "An ex vivo comparison of digital radiography and cone-beam and micro computed tomography in the detection of the number of canals in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 39 (No. 7), pp. 901-05, (2013).
22- Aqeel Al-Saedi, Bahaa Al-Bakhakh, and Riad G Al-Taee, "Using cone-beam computed tomography to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molar teeth in a sample of an Iraqi population." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, pp. 505-14, (2020).
23- Jorge NR Martins et al., "Worldwide analyses of maxillary first molar second mesiobuccal prevalence: a multicenter cone-beam computed tomographic study." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 44 (No. 11), pp. 1641-49. e1, (2018).
24- Frank J Vertucci, "Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Vol. 58 (No. 5), pp. 589-99, (1984).
25- Bestoon Mohammed Faraj, "The frequency of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molars among a sample of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq population-A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography evaluation." Journal of Dental Sciences, Vol. 16 (No. 1), pp. 91-95, (2021).
26- Brent M Hiebert, Kenneth Abramovitch, Dwight Rice, and Mahmoud Torabinejad, "Prevalence of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first molars detected using cone-beam computed tomography, direct occlusal access, and coronal plane grinding." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 43 (No. 10), pp. 1711-15, (2017).
27- Yuerong Zhang et al., "Assessment of the second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary first molars: a cone-beam computed tomographic study." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 43 (No. 12), pp. 1990-96, (2017).
28- Mandana Naseri, Yaser Safi, Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban, Akbar Khayat, and Leila Eftekhar, "Survey of anatomy and root canal morphology of maxillary first molars regarding age and gender in an Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography." Iranian Endodontic Journal, Vol. 11 (No. 4), p. 298, (2016).
29- Heeresh Shetty, Subodh Sontakke, Freny Karjodkar, Pankaj Gupta, Ashish Mandwe, and KS Banga, "A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) evaluation of MB2 canals in endodontically treated permanent maxillary molars. A retrospective study in Indian population." Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, Vol. 9 (No. 1), p. e51, (2017).
30- Marcelo Santos Coelho, Jeffrey M Parker, and Peter Z Tawil, "Second mesiobuccal canal treatment in a predoctoral dental clinic: a retrospective clinical study." Journal of Dental Education, Vol. 80 (No. 6), pp. 726-30, (2016).
31- Carlos Estrela et al., "Study of root canal anatomy in human permanent teeth in a subpopulation of Brazil's center region using cone-beam computed tomography-part 1." Brazilian Dental Journal, Vol. 26pp. 530-36, (2015).
32- Chi-Chun Su et al., "Detection and location of second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary teeth: A cone-beam computed tomography analysis in a Taiwanese population." Archives of Oral Biology, Vol. 98pp. 108-14, (2019).
33- Mhatre Tanvi, N Vimala, and Mandke Lalitagauri, "Evaluation of the root morphology of maxillary permanent first and second molars in an Indian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography." J Dent Med Sci, Vol. 15 (No. 10), pp. 51-56, (2016).
34- Vahid Zand, Hadi Mokhtari, Hamid RM Zonouzi, and Sahand N Shojaei, "Root Canal Morphologies of Mesiobuccal Roots of Maxillary Molars using Cone beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiographic Techniques in an Iranian Population." The journal of contemporary dental practice, Vol. 18 (No. 9), pp. 745-49, (2017).
35- Sultan Al-Shehri, Saad Al-Nazhan, Shreen Shoukry, Emad Al-Shwaimi, and Bader Al-Shemmery, "Root and canal configuration of the maxillary first molar in a Saudi subpopulation: A cone-beam computed tomography study." Saudi Endodontic Journal, Vol. 7 (No. 2), pp. 69-76, (2017).
36- Mothanna Alrahabi and Muhammad Sohail Zafar, "Evaluation of root canal morphology of maxillary molars using cone beam computed tomography." Pakistan journal of medical sciences, Vol. 31 (No. 2), p. 426, (2015).
37- Abbasali Khademi, Asieh Zamani Naser, Zahra Bahreinian, Mojdeh Mehdizadeh, Mojtaba Najarian, and Saber Khazaei, "Root morphology and canal configuration of first and second maxillary molars in a selected Iranian population: a cone-beam computed tomography evaluation." Iranian Endodontic Journal, Vol. 12 (No. 3), p. 288, (2017).
38- Adriana Gurgel De Araujo Reboucas Reis, Renata Grazziotin-Soares, Fernando Branco Barletta, Vania Regina Camargo Fontanella, and Celia Regina Winck Mahl, "Second canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars is correlated with root third and patient age: a cone-beam computed tomographic study." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 39 (No. 5), pp. 588-92, (2013).
39- Oleg Mordanov et al., "Second mesiobuccal canal evaluation features with cone-beam computed tomography." International journal of dentistry, Vol. 2019(2019).
40- Suroopa Das, Manjusha M Warhadpande, Saurabh A Redij, NG Jibhkate, and Husain Sabir, "Frequency of second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary first molars using the operating microscope and selective dentin removal: A clinical study." Contemporary clinical dentistry, Vol. 6 (No. 1), p. 74, (2015).
41- Carlos AM Falcão et al., "Frequency of the mesiopalatal canal in upper first permanent molars viewed through computed tomography." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana, Vol. 29 (No. 1), pp. 54-59, (2016).
42- Qing-hua Zheng, Yao Wang, Xue-dong Zhou, Qian Wang, Guang-ning Zheng, and Ding-ming Huang, "A cone-beam computed tomography study of maxillary first permanent molar root and canal morphology in a Chinese population." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 36 (No. 9), pp. 1480-84, (2010).
2- Claudia Rezende Gomes Alves, Márcia Martins Marques, Maria Stella Moreira, Sueli Patricia Harumi Miyagi de Cara, Carlos Eduardo Silveira Bueno, and Cesar Ângelo Lascala, "Second mesiobuccal root canal of maxillary first molars in a Brazilian population in high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography." Iranian Endodontic Journal, Vol. 13 (No. 1), p. 71, (2018).
3- Zhi-Hui Zhang, Hai-Lin Yao, Yan Zhang, and Xiao Wang, "Endodontic management of the maxillary first molar with special root canals: A case report and review of the literature." World Journal of Clinical Cases, Vol. 8 (No. 12), p. 2590, (2020).
4- Ravindranath Megha, Venkatachalam Prakash, Suresh Mitthra, and Arunajatesan Subbiya, "Endodontic Management of Maxillary First Molar with Seven Root Canals Diagnosed Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography: A Case Report." World, Vol. 12 (No. 1), p. 90, (2021).
5- Sezer Demirbuga, Ahmet E Sekerci, Asiye N Dinçer, Muhammed Cayabatmaz, and Yahya O Zorba, "Use of cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate root and canal morphology of mandibular first and second molars in Turkish individuals." Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal, Vol. 18 (No. 4), p. e737, (2013).
6- K Gulabivala, A Opasanon, Y‐L Ng, and A Alavi, "Root and canal morphology of Thai mandibular molars." International endodontic journal, Vol. 35 (No. 1), pp. 56-62, (2002).
7- Franklin Pineda and Yury Kuttler, "Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation of 7,275 root canals." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Vol. 33 (No. 1), pp. 101-10, (1972).
8- Sperber and Moreau, "Study of the number of roots and canals in Senegalese first permanent mandibular molars." International endodontic journal, Vol. 31 (No. 2), pp. 117-22, (1998).
9- Bing Fan, Gary SP Cheung, Mingwen Fan, James L Gutmann, and Zhuan Bian, "C-shaped canal system in mandibular second molars: part I—anatomical features." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 30 (No. 12), pp. 899-903, (2004).
10- Chih-Chia Huang et al., "Evaluation of root and canal systems of mandibular first molars in Taiwanese individuals using cone-beam computed tomography." Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Vol. 109 (No. 4), pp. 303-08, (2010).
11- R Zhang, H Yang, X Yu, H Wang, T Hu, and Paul Michael Howell Dummer, "Use of CBCT to identify the morphology of maxillary permanent molar teeth in a Chinese subpopulation." International endodontic journal, Vol. 44 (No. 2), pp. 162-69, (2011).
12- Jojo Kottoor, Natanasabapathy Velmurugan, Rajmohan Sudha, and Senthilkumar Hemamalathi, "Maxillary first molar with seven root canals diagnosed with cone-beam computed tomography scanning: a case report." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 36 (No. 5), pp. 915-21, (2010).
13- Pablo Betancourt, Pablo Navarro, Mario Cantín, and Ramón Fuentes, "Cone-beam computed tomography study of prevalence and location of MB2 canal in the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar." International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, Vol. 8 (No. 6), p. 9128, (2015).
14- Ahmed Mostafa Ghobashy, Mohamed Mokhtar Nagy, and Amr Ahmed Bayoumi, "Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent molars in an Egyptian population by cone-beam computed tomography." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 43 (No. 7), pp. 1089-92, (2017).
15- Jing Guo, Arjang Vahidnia, Parish Sedghizadeh, and Reyes Enciso, "Evaluation of root and canal morphology of maxillary permanent first molars in a North American population by cone-beam computed tomography." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 40 (No. 5), pp. 635-39, (2014).
16- Guldane Magat and Selcuk Hakbilen, "Prevalence of second canal in the mesiobuccal root of permanent maxillary molars from a Turkish subpopulation: a cone-beam computed tomography study." Folia morphologica, Vol. 78 (No. 2), pp. 351-58, (2019).
17- Trevor C Blattner, Nathan George, Charles C Lee, Vandana Kumar, and Christopher DJ Yelton, "Efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography as a modality to accurately identify the presence of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first and second molars: a pilot study." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 36 (No. 5), pp. 867-70, (2010).
18- Amer A Mohammed, Haitham Dakhil Mohsen, and Sundus Hussein Naser, "Detection of Second Canals in Mesial Root of Maxillary First Molars Using Different Evaluation Methods (In Vitro Study)." Iraqi Dental Journal, Vol. 38 (No. 1), pp. 39-42, (2016).
19- Bestoon Mohammed Faraj, "Prevalence of MB 2 canal in maxillary first molars: An in vitro study on the Sulaimani population." International Journal of Medicine and Medical Science Research, Vol. 2 (No. 3), p. 039Y42, (2014).
20- Soliman M Kamha, "ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE MESIOBUCCAL ROOT IN MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR WITH DIFFERENT METHODS IN EGYPTIAN POPULATION." Egyptian Dental Journal, Vol. 64 (No. 2-April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)), pp. 1661-72, (2018).
21- Jeffrey D Domark, John F Hatton, Roxanne P Benison, and Charles F Hildebolt, "An ex vivo comparison of digital radiography and cone-beam and micro computed tomography in the detection of the number of canals in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 39 (No. 7), pp. 901-05, (2013).
22- Aqeel Al-Saedi, Bahaa Al-Bakhakh, and Riad G Al-Taee, "Using cone-beam computed tomography to determine the prevalence of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molar teeth in a sample of an Iraqi population." Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, pp. 505-14, (2020).
23- Jorge NR Martins et al., "Worldwide analyses of maxillary first molar second mesiobuccal prevalence: a multicenter cone-beam computed tomographic study." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 44 (No. 11), pp. 1641-49. e1, (2018).
24- Frank J Vertucci, "Root canal anatomy of the human permanent teeth." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Vol. 58 (No. 5), pp. 589-99, (1984).
25- Bestoon Mohammed Faraj, "The frequency of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molars among a sample of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq population-A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography evaluation." Journal of Dental Sciences, Vol. 16 (No. 1), pp. 91-95, (2021).
26- Brent M Hiebert, Kenneth Abramovitch, Dwight Rice, and Mahmoud Torabinejad, "Prevalence of second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary first molars detected using cone-beam computed tomography, direct occlusal access, and coronal plane grinding." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 43 (No. 10), pp. 1711-15, (2017).
27- Yuerong Zhang et al., "Assessment of the second mesiobuccal root canal in maxillary first molars: a cone-beam computed tomographic study." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 43 (No. 12), pp. 1990-96, (2017).
28- Mandana Naseri, Yaser Safi, Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban, Akbar Khayat, and Leila Eftekhar, "Survey of anatomy and root canal morphology of maxillary first molars regarding age and gender in an Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography." Iranian Endodontic Journal, Vol. 11 (No. 4), p. 298, (2016).
29- Heeresh Shetty, Subodh Sontakke, Freny Karjodkar, Pankaj Gupta, Ashish Mandwe, and KS Banga, "A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) evaluation of MB2 canals in endodontically treated permanent maxillary molars. A retrospective study in Indian population." Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, Vol. 9 (No. 1), p. e51, (2017).
30- Marcelo Santos Coelho, Jeffrey M Parker, and Peter Z Tawil, "Second mesiobuccal canal treatment in a predoctoral dental clinic: a retrospective clinical study." Journal of Dental Education, Vol. 80 (No. 6), pp. 726-30, (2016).
31- Carlos Estrela et al., "Study of root canal anatomy in human permanent teeth in a subpopulation of Brazil's center region using cone-beam computed tomography-part 1." Brazilian Dental Journal, Vol. 26pp. 530-36, (2015).
32- Chi-Chun Su et al., "Detection and location of second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary teeth: A cone-beam computed tomography analysis in a Taiwanese population." Archives of Oral Biology, Vol. 98pp. 108-14, (2019).
33- Mhatre Tanvi, N Vimala, and Mandke Lalitagauri, "Evaluation of the root morphology of maxillary permanent first and second molars in an Indian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography." J Dent Med Sci, Vol. 15 (No. 10), pp. 51-56, (2016).
34- Vahid Zand, Hadi Mokhtari, Hamid RM Zonouzi, and Sahand N Shojaei, "Root Canal Morphologies of Mesiobuccal Roots of Maxillary Molars using Cone beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiographic Techniques in an Iranian Population." The journal of contemporary dental practice, Vol. 18 (No. 9), pp. 745-49, (2017).
35- Sultan Al-Shehri, Saad Al-Nazhan, Shreen Shoukry, Emad Al-Shwaimi, and Bader Al-Shemmery, "Root and canal configuration of the maxillary first molar in a Saudi subpopulation: A cone-beam computed tomography study." Saudi Endodontic Journal, Vol. 7 (No. 2), pp. 69-76, (2017).
36- Mothanna Alrahabi and Muhammad Sohail Zafar, "Evaluation of root canal morphology of maxillary molars using cone beam computed tomography." Pakistan journal of medical sciences, Vol. 31 (No. 2), p. 426, (2015).
37- Abbasali Khademi, Asieh Zamani Naser, Zahra Bahreinian, Mojdeh Mehdizadeh, Mojtaba Najarian, and Saber Khazaei, "Root morphology and canal configuration of first and second maxillary molars in a selected Iranian population: a cone-beam computed tomography evaluation." Iranian Endodontic Journal, Vol. 12 (No. 3), p. 288, (2017).
38- Adriana Gurgel De Araujo Reboucas Reis, Renata Grazziotin-Soares, Fernando Branco Barletta, Vania Regina Camargo Fontanella, and Celia Regina Winck Mahl, "Second canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars is correlated with root third and patient age: a cone-beam computed tomographic study." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 39 (No. 5), pp. 588-92, (2013).
39- Oleg Mordanov et al., "Second mesiobuccal canal evaluation features with cone-beam computed tomography." International journal of dentistry, Vol. 2019(2019).
40- Suroopa Das, Manjusha M Warhadpande, Saurabh A Redij, NG Jibhkate, and Husain Sabir, "Frequency of second mesiobuccal canal in permanent maxillary first molars using the operating microscope and selective dentin removal: A clinical study." Contemporary clinical dentistry, Vol. 6 (No. 1), p. 74, (2015).
41- Carlos AM Falcão et al., "Frequency of the mesiopalatal canal in upper first permanent molars viewed through computed tomography." Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana, Vol. 29 (No. 1), pp. 54-59, (2016).
42- Qing-hua Zheng, Yao Wang, Xue-dong Zhou, Qian Wang, Guang-ning Zheng, and Ding-ming Huang, "A cone-beam computed tomography study of maxillary first permanent molar root and canal morphology in a Chinese population." Journal of endodontics, Vol. 36 (No. 9), pp. 1480-84, (2010).
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| Issue | Vol 11 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v11i4.16502 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Maxillary First Molars Root Canal Morphology Cone Beam Computed Tomography Second Mesiobuccal Canal | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Al-Assadi HZ, Al-Qrimli AF, Aun Thyab S. Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of the Maxillary Permanent First Molar among Iraqi Population: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study (Retrospective Study). Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2024;11(4):548-555.
