Advances in Radiation Protection in Oral and Dental Radiology: Pragmatic Approaches and Recent Innovations

Abstract

Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure during diagnostic dental procedures carries inherent dangers, particularly when individuals are repeatedly exposed. This study aims to evaluate recent developments in ionizing radiation protection measures in dental radiology. A thorough review was conducted using prominent databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (via EBSCOhost). The primary conclusions and relevant units of measurement are also included. Recent data reveals the urgent need to update radiation protection guidelines to accommodate newer technologies like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital imaging. Digital intraoral X-ray technology has shown promising results in significantly reducing radiation exposure. To ensure standardized practices, Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) have been defined for CBCT and must be established for different clinical indications. Moreover, advancements in nanotechnology provide potential opportunities for the production of radiation shielding materials that are lighter and customizable. These innovative materials can prove invaluable for everyday use, offering enhanced protection during extended periods of physical activity. The review findings suggest that samples with nanostructures are more efficient at reducing X-ray energy. Given the increasing frequency of dental CBCT imaging and the unmatched dose levels compared to conventional dental radiography, it is imperative to set DRLs in this domain. Thus, this literature review focuses on the most common types of radiation protection in dental radiology, aiming to demonstrate improved techniques for individual protection.