Advances in Radiation Protection in Oral and Dental Radiology: Pragmatic Approaches and Recent Innovations
-
Saiedeh Sadeghi
,
Nastaran Saeidi
,
Ali Salehi
,
Kamal Attari
,
Mohammad Ali Irani
,
Seyed Sasan Aryanezhad
,
Reza Malekzadeh
,
Reza Mahmoudi Anzabi
Abstract
Purpose: The utilization of Ionizing Radiation (IR) in diagnostic dental techniques poses inherent risks, especially when patients are exposed to it repeatedly. Therefore, it is crucial to continuously evaluate and improve the measures taken to protect individuals from the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation in dental radiology. This study desires to assess the advancements made in recent years regarding ionizing radiation protection measures in the field of dental radiology.
Materials and Methods: A thorough review was conducted using prominent databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (via EBSCOhost). The primary conclusions and relevant units of measurement are also included. According to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 26 articles were systematically reviewed for this study.
Results: Recent data reveals the urgent need to update radiation protection guidelines to accommodate newer technologies like Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and digital imaging. Digital intraoral X-ray technology has shown promising results in significantly reducing radiation exposure. To ensure standardized practices, Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) have been defined for CBCT and must be established for different clinical indications. Moreover, advancements in nanotechnology provide potential opportunities for the production of radiation shielding supplies that are lighter and customizable. These innovative materials can prove invaluable for everyday use, offering enhanced protection during extended periods of physical activity. The review findings suggest that samples with nanostructures are more efficient at reducing X-ray energy. The research findings indicate that the implementation of a nanocomposite shield leads to a notable reduction in radiation dose, with a range of 15 to 35%. Given the increasing frequency of dental CBCT imaging and the unmatched dose levels compared to conventional dental radiography, it is imperative to set DRLs in this domain.
Conclusion: This literature review focuses on the most common types of radiation protection in dental radiology, aiming to demonstrate improved techniques for individual protection.
1- Ali Tarighatnia, Asghar Mesbahi, Amir Hossein Mohammad Alian, Evin Koleini, and Nader Nader, "An analysis of operating physician and patient radiation exposure during radial coronary angioplasties." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 182 (No. 2), pp. 200-07, (2018).
2- Ali Tarighatnia, Golshan Mahmoudi, and Nader D Nader, "Radiation Exposure Aspects during Trans-Radial Angiography and Angioplasty." Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, (2023).
3- Ali Tarighatnia, L Pourafkari, A Farajollahi, AH Mohammadalian, M Ghojazadeh, and ND Nader, "Operator radiation exposure during transradial coronary angiography." Herz, Vol. 43 (No. 6), pp. 535-42, (2018).
4- Ali Tarighatnia et al., "Radiation exposure levels according to vascular access sites during PCI." Herz, Vol. 44 (No. 4), pp. 330-35, (2019).
5- Karen Panetta, Rahul Rajendran, Aruna Ramesh, Shishir Paramathma Rao, and Sos Agaian, "Tufts dental database: a multimodal panoramic x-ray dataset for benchmarking diagnostic systems." IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, Vol. 26 (No. 4), pp. 1650-59, (2021).
6- Kiana Nikeghbal, Zahra Zamanian, Shoaleh Shahidi, Gianrico Spagnuolo, and Parisa Soltani, "Designing and fabricating nano-structured and micro-structured radiation shields for protection against CBCT exposure." Materials, Vol. 13 (No. 19), p. 4371, (2020).
7- Vinita Chauhan and Ruth C Wilkins, "A comprehensive review of the literature on the biological effects from dental X-ray exposures." International journal of radiation biology, Vol. 95 (No. 2), pp. 107-19, (2019).
8- Alenka Matjasic, "DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS IN DENTAL RADIOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: Diagnostične referenčne ravni v dentalni radiologiji-Sistematični pregled literature." Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy Journal, Vol. 38 (No. 2), pp. 22-29, (2021).
9- Touko Kaasalainen, Marja Ekholm, Teemu Siiskonen, and Mika Kortesniemi, "Dental cone beam CT: An updated review." Physica Medica, Vol. 88pp. 193-217, (2021).
10- Andy Wai Kan Yeung and Natalie Sui Miu Wong, "Reject rates of radiographic images in Dentomaxillofacial radiology: a literature review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18 (No. 15), p. 8076, (2021).
11- William C Scarfe, Z Li, W Aboelmaaty, SA Scott, and AG Farman, "Maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography: essence, elements and steps to interpretation." Australian dental journal, Vol. 57pp. 46-60, (2012).
12- K Horner, "Radiation protection in dental radiology." The British journal of radiology, Vol. 67 (No. 803), pp. 1041-49, (1994).
13- Manish Mittal, Mohammad Rizwan Siddiqui, Khiem Tran, Sekhar P Reddy, and Asrar B Malik, "Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury." Antioxidants & redox signaling, Vol. 20 (No. 7), pp. 1126-67, (2014).
14- ME Lomax, LK Folkes, and P O'neill, "Biological consequences of radiation-induced DNA damage: relevance to radiotherapy." Clinical oncology, Vol. 25 (No. 10), pp. 578-85, (2013).
15- Reza Malekzadeh, Ali Tarighatnia, Parinaz Mehnati, and Nader D Nader, "Reduction of Radiation Risk to Cardiologists and Patients during Coronary Angiography: Effect of Exposure Angulation and Composite Shields." Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, (2022).
16- Avdeesh Shetty, Fabiana T Almeida, Seema Ganatra, Anthea Senior, and Camila Pacheco-Pereira, "Evidence on radiation dose reduction using rectangular collimation: a systematic review." International dental journal, Vol. 69 (No. 2), pp. 84-97, (2019).
17- Serhat Süha Türkaslan, Şule Sultan Ugur, Banu Esencan Türkaslan, and Nicholas Fantuzzi, "Evaluating the X-ray-shielding performance of graphene-oxide-coated nanocomposite fabric." Materials, Vol. 15 (No. 4), p. 1441, (2022).
18- JE Ngaile, CBS Uiso, P Msaki, and R Kazema, "Use of lead shields for radiation protection of superficial organs in patients undergoing head CT examinations." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 130 (No. 4), pp. 490-98, (2008).
19- E Mansouri, A Mesbahi, R Malekzadeh, A Ghasemi Janghjoo, and Murat Okutan, "A review on neutron shielding performance of nanocomposite materials." International Journal of Radiation Research, Vol. 18 (No. 4), pp. 611-22, (2020).
20- Parinaz Mehnati, Reza Malekzadeh, and Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh, "New Bismuth composite shield for radiation protection of breast during coronary CT angiography." Iranian Journal of Radiology, Vol. 16 (No. 3), (2019).
21- Virginia Tsapaki, "Radiation protection in dental radiology–Recent advances and future directions." Physica Medica, Vol. 44pp. 222-26, (2017).
22- M Vuolo et al., "Exploring innovative radiation shielding approaches in space: a material and design study for a wearable radiation protection spacesuit." Life sciences in space research, Vol. 15pp. 69-78, (2017).
23- Reza Malekzadeh, Vahid Sadeghi Zali, Okhtay Jahanbakhsh, Murat Okutan, and Asghar Mesbahi, "The preparation and characterization of silicon-based composites doped with BaSO4, WO3, and PbO nanoparticles for shielding applications in PET and nuclear medicine facilities." Nanomedicine Journal, Vol. 7 (No. 4), pp. 324-34, (2020).
24- Aida Khaleghi Fard, Amir Hossein Mohammad Alian, Leili Pourafkari, Morteza Ghojazadeh, Ali Tarighatnia, and Alireza Farajollahi, "Impact of pelvic and rad-board lead shields on operator and patient radiation dose in trans-radial coronary procedures." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 187 (No. 1), pp. 108-14, (2019).
25- Anna Kelaranta, Marja Ekholm, Paula Toroi, and Mika Kortesniemi, "Radiation exposure to foetus and breasts from dental X-ray examinations: effect of lead shields." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Vol. 45 (No. 1), p. 20150095, (2016).
26- Lifeng Yu, Michael R Bruesewitz, Thomas J Vrieze, and Cynthia H McCollough, "Lead shielding in pediatric chest CT: effect of apron placement outside the scan volume on radiation dose reduction." American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. 212 (No. 1), pp. 151-56, (2019).
27- Abdulrhman Hasan Alsaab and Sadek Zeghib, "Study of Prepared Lead-Free Polymer Nanocomposites for X-and Gamma-ray Shielding in Healthcare Applications." Polymers, Vol. 15 (No. 9), p. 2142, (2023).
28- Parinaz Mehnati, Reza Malekzadeh, Baharak Divband, and Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh, "Assessment of the effect of nano-composite shield on radiation risk prevention to Breast during computed tomography." Iranian Journal of Radiology, Vol. 17 (No. 1), (2020).
29- Parinaz Mehnati, Reza Malekzadeh, and Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh, "Application of personal non-lead nano-composite shields for radiation protection in diagnostic radiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Nanomed. J, Vol. 7 (No. 3), pp. 170-82, (2020).
30- Nikan Asadpour, Reza Malekzadeh, Saeed Rajabpour, Soheila Refahi, Parinaz Mehnati, and Ahmad Shanei, "Shielding performance of multi-metal nanoparticle composites for diagnostic radiology: an MCNPX and Geant4 study." Radiological Physics and Technology, Vol. 16 (No. 1), pp. 57-68, (2023).
31- Masayuki Naito et al., "Investigation of shielding material properties for effective space radiation protection." Life sciences in space research, Vol. 26pp. 69-76, (2020).
32- Nurul Z Noor Azman et al., "Effect of Bi 2 O 3 particle sizes and addition of starch into Bi 2 O 3–PVA composites for X-ray shielding." Applied Physics A, Vol. 122pp. 1-9, (2016).
33- Parinaz Mehnati, Reza Malekzadeh, Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh, and Soheila Refahi, "Assessment of the efficiency of new bismuth composite shields in radiation dose decline to breast during chest CT." The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 49 (No. 4), pp. 1187-89, (2018).
34- Le Yu, Pei Lay Yap, Alexandre Santos, Diana Tran, and Dusan Losic, "Lightweight bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) nanoparticle-epoxy composite for advanced lead-free X-ray radiation shielding." ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 4 (No. 7), pp. 7471-78, (2021).
35- Mr Kunal Pise, Mr Suhas Tivaskar, Mr Anurag Luharia, Rajasbala Dhande, and Aniket Pathade, "Assessment Of Radiation Dose In Digital Radiography System-A Review Article." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, pp. 69-75, (2022).
36- Roberto Molteni, "The way we were (and how we got here): fifty years of technology changes in dental and maxillofacial radiology." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Vol. 50 (No. 1), p. 20200133, (2021).
37- Caroline C Rodgers, "Low-dose X-ray imaging may increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases." Medical hypotheses, Vol. 142p. 109726, (2020).
38- Khaled Alkhalifah, Akram Asbeutah, and Ajit Brindhaban, "Image quality and radiation dose for fibrofatty breast using target/filter combinations in two digital mammography systems." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science, Vol. 10(2020).
39- Lillian Atsumi Simabuguro Chinem, Beatriz de Souza Vilella, Cláudia Lúcia de Pinho Maurício, Lucia Viviana Canevaro, Luiz Fernando Deluiz, and Oswaldo de Vasconcellos Vilella, "Digital orthodontic radiographic set versus cone-beam computed tomography: an evaluation of the effective dose." Dental press journal of orthodontics, Vol. 21pp. 66-72, (2016).
40- Jovica Praskalo, Adnan Beganović, Jovana Milanović, and Koviljka Stanković, "Intraoral dental x-ray radiography in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Study for revising diagnostic reference level value." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 190 (No. 1), pp. 90-99, (2020).
41- H Zamani, AA Parach, SH Razavi, M Shabani, Gh Ataei, and MH Zare, "Estimating the radiation surface dose and measuring the dose area product to provide the diagnostic reference level in panoramic radiography." International Journal of Radiation Research, Vol. 19 (No. 4), pp. 963-70, (2021).
42- Amal Jose, A Saravana Kumar, KN Govindarajan, and Sunil Dutt Sharma, "Assessment of regional diagnostic reference levels in dental radiography in Tamil Nadu." Journal of Medical Physics, Vol. 47 (No. 1), p. 86, (2022).
43- Hamed Zamani, Hamidreza Masjedi, Reza Omidi, and Mohammad Hosein Zare, "Establishment of local diagnostic reference levels for common procedures of computed tomography in Yazd province." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 188 (No. 2), pp. 222-31, (2020).
44- Akbar Aliasgharzadeh, Davood Khezerloo, Bagher Farhood, Mehran Mohseni, Habiballah Moradi, and Tohid Mortezazadeh, "Measuring the dose–width product and proposing the local diagnostic reference level in panoramic dental radiography: a multi-center study from Iran." Oral Radiology, Vol. 37pp. 80-85, (2021).
45- Amit Kumar, Sonam Vig, and Angad Sharma, "Impact of recent advances in radiology on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning-A review." Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research, Vol. 9 (No. 11), pp. 74-78, (2021).
46- Bart Vandenberghe, Reinhilde Jacobs, and Hilde Bosmans, "Modern dental imaging: a review of the current technology and clinical applications in dental practice." European radiology, Vol. 20pp. 2637-55, (2010).
47- Parinaz Mehnati, M Yousefi Sooteh, Reza Malekzadeh, Baharak Divband, and Soheila Refahi, "Breast conservation from radiation damage by using nano bismuth shields in chest computed tomography scan." Iran Red Crescent Med J, Vol. 6 (No. 1), pp. 46-50, (2019).
48- Beatrice Feragalli et al., "Cone beam computed tomography for dental and maxillofacial imaging: technique improvement and low-dose protocols." La radiologia medica, Vol. 122pp. 581-88, (2017).
49- Taku Kuramoto et al., "X-ray dose reduction using additional copper filtration for dental cone beam CT." Physica Medica, Vol. 81pp. 302-07, (2021).
50- Abbas Shokri, Mohammad Reza Jamalpour, Atefeh Khavid, Zeinab Mohseni, and Masoud Sadeghi, "Effect of exposure parameters of cone beam computed tomography on metal artifact reduction around the dental implants in various bone densities." BMC medical imaging, Vol. 19pp. 1-10, (2019).
51- Margarete B McGuigan, Henry F Duncan, and Keith Horner, "An analysis of effective dose optimization and its impact on image quality and diagnostic efficacy relating to dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)." Swiss dental journal, Vol. 128 (No. 4), pp. 297-316, (2018).
52- Durer Iskanderani, Mats Nilsson, Per Alstergren, Xie-Qi Shi, and Kristina Hellen-Halme, "Evaluation of a low-dose protocol for cone beam computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Vol. 49 (No. 6), p. 20190495, (2020).
2- Ali Tarighatnia, Golshan Mahmoudi, and Nader D Nader, "Radiation Exposure Aspects during Trans-Radial Angiography and Angioplasty." Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, (2023).
3- Ali Tarighatnia, L Pourafkari, A Farajollahi, AH Mohammadalian, M Ghojazadeh, and ND Nader, "Operator radiation exposure during transradial coronary angiography." Herz, Vol. 43 (No. 6), pp. 535-42, (2018).
4- Ali Tarighatnia et al., "Radiation exposure levels according to vascular access sites during PCI." Herz, Vol. 44 (No. 4), pp. 330-35, (2019).
5- Karen Panetta, Rahul Rajendran, Aruna Ramesh, Shishir Paramathma Rao, and Sos Agaian, "Tufts dental database: a multimodal panoramic x-ray dataset for benchmarking diagnostic systems." IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics, Vol. 26 (No. 4), pp. 1650-59, (2021).
6- Kiana Nikeghbal, Zahra Zamanian, Shoaleh Shahidi, Gianrico Spagnuolo, and Parisa Soltani, "Designing and fabricating nano-structured and micro-structured radiation shields for protection against CBCT exposure." Materials, Vol. 13 (No. 19), p. 4371, (2020).
7- Vinita Chauhan and Ruth C Wilkins, "A comprehensive review of the literature on the biological effects from dental X-ray exposures." International journal of radiation biology, Vol. 95 (No. 2), pp. 107-19, (2019).
8- Alenka Matjasic, "DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS IN DENTAL RADIOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: Diagnostične referenčne ravni v dentalni radiologiji-Sistematični pregled literature." Medical Imaging and Radiotherapy Journal, Vol. 38 (No. 2), pp. 22-29, (2021).
9- Touko Kaasalainen, Marja Ekholm, Teemu Siiskonen, and Mika Kortesniemi, "Dental cone beam CT: An updated review." Physica Medica, Vol. 88pp. 193-217, (2021).
10- Andy Wai Kan Yeung and Natalie Sui Miu Wong, "Reject rates of radiographic images in Dentomaxillofacial radiology: a literature review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18 (No. 15), p. 8076, (2021).
11- William C Scarfe, Z Li, W Aboelmaaty, SA Scott, and AG Farman, "Maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography: essence, elements and steps to interpretation." Australian dental journal, Vol. 57pp. 46-60, (2012).
12- K Horner, "Radiation protection in dental radiology." The British journal of radiology, Vol. 67 (No. 803), pp. 1041-49, (1994).
13- Manish Mittal, Mohammad Rizwan Siddiqui, Khiem Tran, Sekhar P Reddy, and Asrar B Malik, "Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury." Antioxidants & redox signaling, Vol. 20 (No. 7), pp. 1126-67, (2014).
14- ME Lomax, LK Folkes, and P O'neill, "Biological consequences of radiation-induced DNA damage: relevance to radiotherapy." Clinical oncology, Vol. 25 (No. 10), pp. 578-85, (2013).
15- Reza Malekzadeh, Ali Tarighatnia, Parinaz Mehnati, and Nader D Nader, "Reduction of Radiation Risk to Cardiologists and Patients during Coronary Angiography: Effect of Exposure Angulation and Composite Shields." Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, (2022).
16- Avdeesh Shetty, Fabiana T Almeida, Seema Ganatra, Anthea Senior, and Camila Pacheco-Pereira, "Evidence on radiation dose reduction using rectangular collimation: a systematic review." International dental journal, Vol. 69 (No. 2), pp. 84-97, (2019).
17- Serhat Süha Türkaslan, Şule Sultan Ugur, Banu Esencan Türkaslan, and Nicholas Fantuzzi, "Evaluating the X-ray-shielding performance of graphene-oxide-coated nanocomposite fabric." Materials, Vol. 15 (No. 4), p. 1441, (2022).
18- JE Ngaile, CBS Uiso, P Msaki, and R Kazema, "Use of lead shields for radiation protection of superficial organs in patients undergoing head CT examinations." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 130 (No. 4), pp. 490-98, (2008).
19- E Mansouri, A Mesbahi, R Malekzadeh, A Ghasemi Janghjoo, and Murat Okutan, "A review on neutron shielding performance of nanocomposite materials." International Journal of Radiation Research, Vol. 18 (No. 4), pp. 611-22, (2020).
20- Parinaz Mehnati, Reza Malekzadeh, and Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh, "New Bismuth composite shield for radiation protection of breast during coronary CT angiography." Iranian Journal of Radiology, Vol. 16 (No. 3), (2019).
21- Virginia Tsapaki, "Radiation protection in dental radiology–Recent advances and future directions." Physica Medica, Vol. 44pp. 222-26, (2017).
22- M Vuolo et al., "Exploring innovative radiation shielding approaches in space: a material and design study for a wearable radiation protection spacesuit." Life sciences in space research, Vol. 15pp. 69-78, (2017).
23- Reza Malekzadeh, Vahid Sadeghi Zali, Okhtay Jahanbakhsh, Murat Okutan, and Asghar Mesbahi, "The preparation and characterization of silicon-based composites doped with BaSO4, WO3, and PbO nanoparticles for shielding applications in PET and nuclear medicine facilities." Nanomedicine Journal, Vol. 7 (No. 4), pp. 324-34, (2020).
24- Aida Khaleghi Fard, Amir Hossein Mohammad Alian, Leili Pourafkari, Morteza Ghojazadeh, Ali Tarighatnia, and Alireza Farajollahi, "Impact of pelvic and rad-board lead shields on operator and patient radiation dose in trans-radial coronary procedures." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 187 (No. 1), pp. 108-14, (2019).
25- Anna Kelaranta, Marja Ekholm, Paula Toroi, and Mika Kortesniemi, "Radiation exposure to foetus and breasts from dental X-ray examinations: effect of lead shields." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Vol. 45 (No. 1), p. 20150095, (2016).
26- Lifeng Yu, Michael R Bruesewitz, Thomas J Vrieze, and Cynthia H McCollough, "Lead shielding in pediatric chest CT: effect of apron placement outside the scan volume on radiation dose reduction." American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. 212 (No. 1), pp. 151-56, (2019).
27- Abdulrhman Hasan Alsaab and Sadek Zeghib, "Study of Prepared Lead-Free Polymer Nanocomposites for X-and Gamma-ray Shielding in Healthcare Applications." Polymers, Vol. 15 (No. 9), p. 2142, (2023).
28- Parinaz Mehnati, Reza Malekzadeh, Baharak Divband, and Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh, "Assessment of the effect of nano-composite shield on radiation risk prevention to Breast during computed tomography." Iranian Journal of Radiology, Vol. 17 (No. 1), (2020).
29- Parinaz Mehnati, Reza Malekzadeh, and Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh, "Application of personal non-lead nano-composite shields for radiation protection in diagnostic radiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Nanomed. J, Vol. 7 (No. 3), pp. 170-82, (2020).
30- Nikan Asadpour, Reza Malekzadeh, Saeed Rajabpour, Soheila Refahi, Parinaz Mehnati, and Ahmad Shanei, "Shielding performance of multi-metal nanoparticle composites for diagnostic radiology: an MCNPX and Geant4 study." Radiological Physics and Technology, Vol. 16 (No. 1), pp. 57-68, (2023).
31- Masayuki Naito et al., "Investigation of shielding material properties for effective space radiation protection." Life sciences in space research, Vol. 26pp. 69-76, (2020).
32- Nurul Z Noor Azman et al., "Effect of Bi 2 O 3 particle sizes and addition of starch into Bi 2 O 3–PVA composites for X-ray shielding." Applied Physics A, Vol. 122pp. 1-9, (2016).
33- Parinaz Mehnati, Reza Malekzadeh, Mohammad Yousefi Sooteh, and Soheila Refahi, "Assessment of the efficiency of new bismuth composite shields in radiation dose decline to breast during chest CT." The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 49 (No. 4), pp. 1187-89, (2018).
34- Le Yu, Pei Lay Yap, Alexandre Santos, Diana Tran, and Dusan Losic, "Lightweight bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) nanoparticle-epoxy composite for advanced lead-free X-ray radiation shielding." ACS Applied Nano Materials, Vol. 4 (No. 7), pp. 7471-78, (2021).
35- Mr Kunal Pise, Mr Suhas Tivaskar, Mr Anurag Luharia, Rajasbala Dhande, and Aniket Pathade, "Assessment Of Radiation Dose In Digital Radiography System-A Review Article." Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, pp. 69-75, (2022).
36- Roberto Molteni, "The way we were (and how we got here): fifty years of technology changes in dental and maxillofacial radiology." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Vol. 50 (No. 1), p. 20200133, (2021).
37- Caroline C Rodgers, "Low-dose X-ray imaging may increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases." Medical hypotheses, Vol. 142p. 109726, (2020).
38- Khaled Alkhalifah, Akram Asbeutah, and Ajit Brindhaban, "Image quality and radiation dose for fibrofatty breast using target/filter combinations in two digital mammography systems." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science, Vol. 10(2020).
39- Lillian Atsumi Simabuguro Chinem, Beatriz de Souza Vilella, Cláudia Lúcia de Pinho Maurício, Lucia Viviana Canevaro, Luiz Fernando Deluiz, and Oswaldo de Vasconcellos Vilella, "Digital orthodontic radiographic set versus cone-beam computed tomography: an evaluation of the effective dose." Dental press journal of orthodontics, Vol. 21pp. 66-72, (2016).
40- Jovica Praskalo, Adnan Beganović, Jovana Milanović, and Koviljka Stanković, "Intraoral dental x-ray radiography in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Study for revising diagnostic reference level value." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 190 (No. 1), pp. 90-99, (2020).
41- H Zamani, AA Parach, SH Razavi, M Shabani, Gh Ataei, and MH Zare, "Estimating the radiation surface dose and measuring the dose area product to provide the diagnostic reference level in panoramic radiography." International Journal of Radiation Research, Vol. 19 (No. 4), pp. 963-70, (2021).
42- Amal Jose, A Saravana Kumar, KN Govindarajan, and Sunil Dutt Sharma, "Assessment of regional diagnostic reference levels in dental radiography in Tamil Nadu." Journal of Medical Physics, Vol. 47 (No. 1), p. 86, (2022).
43- Hamed Zamani, Hamidreza Masjedi, Reza Omidi, and Mohammad Hosein Zare, "Establishment of local diagnostic reference levels for common procedures of computed tomography in Yazd province." Radiation protection dosimetry, Vol. 188 (No. 2), pp. 222-31, (2020).
44- Akbar Aliasgharzadeh, Davood Khezerloo, Bagher Farhood, Mehran Mohseni, Habiballah Moradi, and Tohid Mortezazadeh, "Measuring the dose–width product and proposing the local diagnostic reference level in panoramic dental radiography: a multi-center study from Iran." Oral Radiology, Vol. 37pp. 80-85, (2021).
45- Amit Kumar, Sonam Vig, and Angad Sharma, "Impact of recent advances in radiology on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning-A review." Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research, Vol. 9 (No. 11), pp. 74-78, (2021).
46- Bart Vandenberghe, Reinhilde Jacobs, and Hilde Bosmans, "Modern dental imaging: a review of the current technology and clinical applications in dental practice." European radiology, Vol. 20pp. 2637-55, (2010).
47- Parinaz Mehnati, M Yousefi Sooteh, Reza Malekzadeh, Baharak Divband, and Soheila Refahi, "Breast conservation from radiation damage by using nano bismuth shields in chest computed tomography scan." Iran Red Crescent Med J, Vol. 6 (No. 1), pp. 46-50, (2019).
48- Beatrice Feragalli et al., "Cone beam computed tomography for dental and maxillofacial imaging: technique improvement and low-dose protocols." La radiologia medica, Vol. 122pp. 581-88, (2017).
49- Taku Kuramoto et al., "X-ray dose reduction using additional copper filtration for dental cone beam CT." Physica Medica, Vol. 81pp. 302-07, (2021).
50- Abbas Shokri, Mohammad Reza Jamalpour, Atefeh Khavid, Zeinab Mohseni, and Masoud Sadeghi, "Effect of exposure parameters of cone beam computed tomography on metal artifact reduction around the dental implants in various bone densities." BMC medical imaging, Vol. 19pp. 1-10, (2019).
51- Margarete B McGuigan, Henry F Duncan, and Keith Horner, "An analysis of effective dose optimization and its impact on image quality and diagnostic efficacy relating to dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)." Swiss dental journal, Vol. 128 (No. 4), pp. 297-316, (2018).
52- Durer Iskanderani, Mats Nilsson, Per Alstergren, Xie-Qi Shi, and Kristina Hellen-Halme, "Evaluation of a low-dose protocol for cone beam computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Vol. 49 (No. 6), p. 20190495, (2020).
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| Issue | Vol 12 No 1 (2025) | |
| Section | Literature (Narrative) Review(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v12i1.17745 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Dental Radiography Radiation Safety X-Ray Shielding Cone Beam Computed Tomography Diagnostic Reference Levels | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Sadeghi S, Saeidi N, Salehi A, Attari K, Irani MA, Aryanezhad SS, Malekzadeh R, Mahmoudi Anzabi R. Advances in Radiation Protection in Oral and Dental Radiology: Pragmatic Approaches and Recent Innovations. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2025;12(1):166-178.
