Injectable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review of the Current Clinical Landscape
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Abstract
Injectable hydrogels are gaining popularity due to their diverse biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, dermal fillers, drug delivery, and regenerative medicine. An ideal injectable hydrogel should have suitable physicochemical properties for in situ injection into the body, be non-toxic and biocompatible, and should not initiate any adverse reactions. Also, the injectable hydrogel should be porous and made of highly interconnected networks to facilitate the movement of nutrients for better integration into the surrounding tissues. Injectable hydrogels offer unique advantages such as minimally invasive delivery and targeted administration, making them promising candidates for various medical interventions. The preparation of injectable hydrogels involves physical or chemical crosslinking methods, and various stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels are available for clinical use. Optimising their composition, distribution, and dosing regimens is key to enhancing patient outcomes and expanding the clinical utility of injectable hydrogels shortly. There are various injectable hydrogel products in the market, and a few of them are in different phases of clinical trials for treating several diseases and conditions. Examples of commonly used injectable hydrogels available in the market include hyaluronic acid, calcium phosphate, collagen, fibrin, and thermoresponsive hydrogels. Furthermore, ongoing clinical trials investigating novel injectable hydrogels such as BioSentry tract sealant system, PROMGEL-OA, HYADD, PAAG-OA, NOLTREX, AQUAMID, GELSTIX, and REACT are discussed in this review, providing valuable insights into the landscape of injectable hydrogel research and development. In this review, we primarily focus on injectable hydrogels under various stages of clinical trials for future addition to the clinical setting, and some of the products approved for clinical use. It also examines the current clinical landscape of injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications, highlighting their versatility in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. While approved products promise conditions like osteoarthritis, ongoing clinical trials underscore the need for further research to assess safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes, suggesting significant potential for transformative advancements in healthcare.
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2- A Sivashanmugam, R Arun Kumar, M Vishnu Priya, Shantikumar V Nair, and R Jayakumar, "An overview of injectable polymeric hydrogels for tissue engineering." European Polymer Journal, Vol. 72, pp. 543-65, (2015).
3- Byung-Soo Kim and Chong-Su Cho, "Injectable hydrogels for regenerative medicine." Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Vol. 15, pp. 511-12, (2018).
4- Konstantinos E Papathanasiou, Petri Turhanen, Stephan I Brückner, Eike Brunner, and Konstantinos D Demadis, "Smart, programmable and responsive injectable hydrogels for controlled release of cargo osteoporosis drugs." Scientific Reports, Vol. 7 (No. 1), p. 4743, (2017).
5- Giuseppe Cirillo, Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri, Manuela Curcio, Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta, and Francesca Iemma, "Injectable hydrogels for cancer therapy over the last decade." Pharmaceutics, Vol. 11 (No. 9), p. 486, (2019).
6- B Balakrishnan and A Jayakrishnan, "Injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications." Injectable Hydrogels for Regenerative Engineering, 2nd ed.; Nair, LS, Ed, pp. 33-96, (2016).
7- Mathew Patenaude, Niels MB Smeets, and Todd Hoare, "Designing injectable, covalently cross‐linked hydrogels for biomedical applications." Macromolecular rapid communications, Vol. 35 (No. 6), pp. 598-617, (2014).
8- Andrea Revete et al., "Advancements in the use of hydrogels for regenerative medicine: properties and biomedical applications." International Journal of Biomaterials, Vol. 2022(2022).
9- Banafsheh Safari, Marziyeh Aghazadeh, and Ayuob Aghanejad, "Osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a bisphosphonate-functionalized polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffold." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 241, p. 124573, (2023).
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16- Thuy Duong Van, Ngoc Quyen Tran, Dai Hai Nguyen, Cuu Khoa Nguyen, Dai Lam Tran, and Phuong Thi Nguyen, "Injectable hydrogel composite based gelatin-PEG and biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles for bone regeneration." Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 45, pp. 2415-22, (2016).
17- Qinghua Xu et al., "Collagen-and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications." Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Vol. 146p. 100641, (2021).
18- Kui Lu et al., "Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) loaded gelatin/silk fibroin hydrogels for improving healing in a murine pressure ulcer model." Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 424, p. 130429, (2021).
19- Sujin Kim, Changheon Kim, and Kangwon Lee, "Hydrogels as filler materials." in Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Elsevier, (2024), pp. 413-32.
20- Elham Ahmadian et al., "The potential applications of hyaluronic acid hydrogels in biomedicine." Drug research, Vol. 70 (No. 01), pp. 6-11, (2020).
21- Bin Kong et al., "Fiber reinforced GelMA hydrogel to induce the regeneration of corneal stroma." Nature Communications, Vol. 11 (No. 1), p. 1435, (2020).
22- Jin-Su Kim et al., "Chondrogenic differentiation of human ASCs by stiffness control in 3D fibrin hydrogel." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 522 (No. 1), pp. 213-19, (2020).
23- D Whelan, NM Caplice, and AJP Clover, "Fibrin as a delivery system in wound healing tissue engineering applications." Journal of Controlled Release, Vol. 196pp. 1-8, (2014).
24- P Heher, S Mühleder, R Mittermayr, H Redl, and P Slezak, "Fibrin-based delivery strategies for acute and chronic wound healing." Advanced drug delivery reviews, Vol. 129, pp. 134-47, (2018).
25- Sradhanjali Mohapatra et al., "Biomedical application, patent repository, clinical trial and regulatory updates on hydrogel: An extensive review." Gels, Vol. 7 (No. 4), p. 207, (2021).
26- Bram Zoetebier, Tara C Schmitz, Keita Ito, Marcel Karperien, Marianna A Tryfonidou, and Julieta I Paez, "Injectable hydrogels for articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus repair: Status quo and prospects." Tissue Engineering Part A, Vol. 28 (No. 11-12), pp. 478-99, (2022).
27- Killian Flégeau et al., "Toward the development of biomimetic injectable and macroporous biohydrogels for regenerative medicine." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 247, pp. 589-609, (2017).
28- Jacquelin Peck et al., "A comprehensive review of viscosupplementation in osteoarthritis of the knee." Orthopedic Reviews, Vol. 13 (No. 2), (2021).
29- Carlos Gavín et al., "One-year, efficacy and safety open label study, with a single injection of a new hyaluronan for knee OA: the SOYA trial." Journal of Pain Research, pp. 2229-37, (2021).
30- Namasivaya Naveen Shanmuga Sundaram, "Carbon fiber–polyetheretherketone-reinforced PVA composites for bone graft applications." Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials, Vol. 12 (No. 4), pp. 163-69, (2023).
31- Jason Trang, Jennifer Kos, and William Sears, "Experience With Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Review of 1019 Procedures." International Journal of Spine Surgery, Vol. 17 (No. 1), pp. 86-94, (2023).
32- Banafsheh Safari, Ayuob Aghanejad, Jamileh Kadkhoda, Marziyeh Aghazade, Leila Roshangar, and Soodabeh Davaran, "Biofunctional phosphorylated magnetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Vol. 211, p. 112284, (2022).
33- Sudip Mukherjee, "Recent Clinical Trials on Immunomodulatory Biomaterials Applications." in Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advancements: Springer, (2024), pp. 79-86.
34- Giada Cattelan et al., "Alginate formulations: current developments in the race for hydrogel-based cardiac regeneration." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol. 8, p. 414, (2020).
35- Shino Bay Aguilera, Alec McCarthy, Saami Khalifian, Z Paul Lorenc, Kate Goldie, and W Gregory Chernoff, "The role of calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) as a regenerative aesthetic treatment: a narrative review." Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Vol. 43 (No. 10), pp. 1063-90, (2023).
36- Si Gou et al., "Injectable Hyaluronan-Based Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Dermatological Applications." Pharmaceutics, Vol. 15 (No. 6), p. 1708, (2023).
37- Scott Km Barr, Arie Benchetrit, Mariusz Sapijaszko, and Anneke Andriessen, "Clinical evaluation of a cross-linked hyaluronic Acid dermal filler applied for facial augmentation." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD, Vol. 14 (No. 1), pp. 19-23, (2015).
38- Jimmy Faivre, Mélanie Gallet, Elodie Tremblais, Patrick Trévidic, and François Bourdon, "Advanced concepts in rheology for the evaluation of hyaluronic acid–based soft tissue fillers." Dermatologic Surgery, Vol. 47 (No. 5), p. e159, (2021).
39- Johanna Olson-Kennedy, Laer H Streeter, Robert Garofalo, Yee-Ming Chan, and Stephen M Rosenthal, "Histrelin implants for suppression of puberty in youth with gender dysphoria: a comparison of 50 mcg/day (Vantas) and 65 mcg/day (SupprelinLA)." Transgender Health, Vol. 6 (No. 1), pp. 36-42, (2021).
40- Alireza Aminsharifi, Srinath Kotamarti, David Silver, and Ariel Schulman, "Major complications and adverse events related to the injection of the SpaceOAR hydrogel system before radiotherapy for prostate cancer: review of the manufacturer and user facility device experience database." Journal of Endourology, Vol. 33 (No. 10), pp. 868-71, (2019).
41- Nigel Armstrong et al., "SpaceOAR hydrogel spacer for reducing radiation toxicity during radiotherapy for prostate cancer. A systematic review." Urology, Vol. 156pp. e74-e85, (2021).
42- Eric M Anderson et al., "A radiopaque polymer hydrogel as an irreversible electroporation compatible fiducial marker for pancreas stereotactic body radiotherapy." Journal of Radiosurgery and SBRT, Vol. 7 (No. 2), p. 165, (2020).
43- H Henry Lai, Eric A Hurtado, and Rodney A Appell, "Large urethral prolapse formation after calcium hydroxylapatite (Coaptite) injection." International Urogynecology Journal, Vol. 19pp. 1315-17, (2008).
44- Anushuya Devi Kasi, Vasilios Pergialiotis, Despina N Perrea, Azar Khunda, and Stergios K Doumouchtsis, "Polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid®) for stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review of the literature." International Urogynecology Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 367-75, (2016).
45- Alois Martan, Jaromir Masata, Kamil Svabík, and Jan Krhut, "Transurethral injection of polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid®) for the treatment of female stress or mixed urinary incontinence." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Vol. 178, pp. 199-202, (2014).
46- FA Mithani and S Bujarski, "Utilization of BioSentry Tract Sealant System Reduces the Rate of Post-biopsy Pneumothoraces." in A30. ALL THINGS INTERVENTIONAL PULMONARY A LIVELY POSTER DISCUSSION: American Thoracic Society, (2023), pp. A1271-A71.
47- Shimwoo Lee et al., "CT-Guided Lung Biopsy: Reduction of Patient Recovery Time and Cost with Use of A Hydrogel Plug." Am. J. Biomed. Sci. Res, Vol. 11(2021).
48- Maryam Tamaddon et al., "Osteochondral scaffolds for early treatment of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic joints: from bench to clinic." Biomaterials Translational, Vol. 1 (No. 1), p. 3, (2020).
49- Yogendra Pratap Singh, Joseph Christakiran Moses, Nandana Bhardwaj, and Biman B Mandal, "Injectable hydrogels: a new paradigm for osteochondral tissue engineering." Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol. 6 (No. 35), pp. 5499-529, (2018).
50- Pierre Mainil-Varlet, Antonella Schiavinato, and Murielle Marie Ganster, "Efficacy evaluation of a new hyaluronan derivative HYADD® 4-G to maintain cartilage integrity in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis." Cartilage, Vol. 4 (No. 1), pp. 28-41, (2013).
51- Atsuya Watanabe, Pierre Mainil-Varlet, Adeline Decambron, Caroline Aschinger, and Antonella Schiavinato, "Efficacy of HYADD® 4-G single intra-discal injections in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, Vol. 30 (No. 4), pp. 403-17, (2019).
52- Yaodong Zhao et al., "Double Cross‐Linked Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Hydrogels with Thermo‐Stimulated Self‐Contraction and Tissue Adhesiveness for Accelerating Post‐Wound Closure and Wound Healing." Advanced Functional Materials, p. 2300710, (2023).
53- H Bliddal, A Overgaard, A Hartkopp, J Beier, PG Conaghan, and M Henriksen, "Polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month prospective study." Journal of Orthopedic Research and Therapy, Vol. 6 (No. 2), (2021).
54- Gottfried Lemperle, Vera Morhenn, and Ulrich Charrier, "Human histology and persistence of various injectable filler substances for soft tissue augmentation." Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Vol. 44, pp. 1348-60, (2020).
55- Diego Cárdenas Rojas, María Patricia Arias, and Diego Duque, "EVALUATION OF AN INTRARTICULAR POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE DISTAL JOINTS OF THE TARSUS IN HORSES."
56- Bilim Aldamuratovich Terebaev and Shakhnoza Rustamovna Abzalova, "Morphological Features of the Drugs used in Treatment of Anal Incontinence." Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, pp. 6409–16-09–16, (2021).
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60- Jose Maria Alonso, Jon Andrade del Olmo, Raul Perez Gonzalez, and Virginia Saez-Martinez, "Injectable hydrogels: From laboratory to industrialization." Polymers, Vol. 13 (No. 4), p. 650, (2021).
2- A Sivashanmugam, R Arun Kumar, M Vishnu Priya, Shantikumar V Nair, and R Jayakumar, "An overview of injectable polymeric hydrogels for tissue engineering." European Polymer Journal, Vol. 72, pp. 543-65, (2015).
3- Byung-Soo Kim and Chong-Su Cho, "Injectable hydrogels for regenerative medicine." Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Vol. 15, pp. 511-12, (2018).
4- Konstantinos E Papathanasiou, Petri Turhanen, Stephan I Brückner, Eike Brunner, and Konstantinos D Demadis, "Smart, programmable and responsive injectable hydrogels for controlled release of cargo osteoporosis drugs." Scientific Reports, Vol. 7 (No. 1), p. 4743, (2017).
5- Giuseppe Cirillo, Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri, Manuela Curcio, Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta, and Francesca Iemma, "Injectable hydrogels for cancer therapy over the last decade." Pharmaceutics, Vol. 11 (No. 9), p. 486, (2019).
6- B Balakrishnan and A Jayakrishnan, "Injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications." Injectable Hydrogels for Regenerative Engineering, 2nd ed.; Nair, LS, Ed, pp. 33-96, (2016).
7- Mathew Patenaude, Niels MB Smeets, and Todd Hoare, "Designing injectable, covalently cross‐linked hydrogels for biomedical applications." Macromolecular rapid communications, Vol. 35 (No. 6), pp. 598-617, (2014).
8- Andrea Revete et al., "Advancements in the use of hydrogels for regenerative medicine: properties and biomedical applications." International Journal of Biomaterials, Vol. 2022(2022).
9- Banafsheh Safari, Marziyeh Aghazadeh, and Ayuob Aghanejad, "Osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a bisphosphonate-functionalized polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffold." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 241, p. 124573, (2023).
10- Joanna Skopinska-Wisniewska, Silvia De la Flor, and Justyna Kozlowska, "From supramolecular hydrogels to multifunctional carriers for biologically active substances." International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 22 (No. 14), p. 7402, (2021).
11- Stuart A Young, Hossein Riahinezhad, and Brian G Amsden, "In situ-forming, mechanically resilient hydrogels for cell delivery." Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol. 7 (No. 38), pp. 5742-61, (2019).
12- Moises Bustamante-Torres, David Romero-Fierro, Belén Arcentales-Vera, Kenia Palomino, Héctor Magaña, and Emilio Bucio, "Hydrogels classification according to the physical or chemical interactions and as stimuli-sensitive materials." Gels, Vol. 7 (No. 4), p. 182, (2021).
13- C Yu Anthony, Anton AA Smith, and Eric A Appel, "Structural considerations for physical hydrogels based on polymer–nanoparticle interactions." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, Vol. 5 (No. 1), pp. 401-07, (2020).
14- Evgenia Tsanaktsidou, Olga Kammona, and Costas Kiparissides, "Recent developments in hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering applications." Polymers, Vol. 14 (No. 4), p. 839, (2022).
15- Shasha Yao et al., "Calcium phosphate nanocluster-loaded injectable hydrogel for bone regeneration." ACS Applied Bio Materials, Vol. 2 (No. 10), pp. 4408-17, (2019).
16- Thuy Duong Van, Ngoc Quyen Tran, Dai Hai Nguyen, Cuu Khoa Nguyen, Dai Lam Tran, and Phuong Thi Nguyen, "Injectable hydrogel composite based gelatin-PEG and biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles for bone regeneration." Journal of Electronic Materials, Vol. 45, pp. 2415-22, (2016).
17- Qinghua Xu et al., "Collagen-and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications." Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Vol. 146p. 100641, (2021).
18- Kui Lu et al., "Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) loaded gelatin/silk fibroin hydrogels for improving healing in a murine pressure ulcer model." Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 424, p. 130429, (2021).
19- Sujin Kim, Changheon Kim, and Kangwon Lee, "Hydrogels as filler materials." in Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Elsevier, (2024), pp. 413-32.
20- Elham Ahmadian et al., "The potential applications of hyaluronic acid hydrogels in biomedicine." Drug research, Vol. 70 (No. 01), pp. 6-11, (2020).
21- Bin Kong et al., "Fiber reinforced GelMA hydrogel to induce the regeneration of corneal stroma." Nature Communications, Vol. 11 (No. 1), p. 1435, (2020).
22- Jin-Su Kim et al., "Chondrogenic differentiation of human ASCs by stiffness control in 3D fibrin hydrogel." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 522 (No. 1), pp. 213-19, (2020).
23- D Whelan, NM Caplice, and AJP Clover, "Fibrin as a delivery system in wound healing tissue engineering applications." Journal of Controlled Release, Vol. 196pp. 1-8, (2014).
24- P Heher, S Mühleder, R Mittermayr, H Redl, and P Slezak, "Fibrin-based delivery strategies for acute and chronic wound healing." Advanced drug delivery reviews, Vol. 129, pp. 134-47, (2018).
25- Sradhanjali Mohapatra et al., "Biomedical application, patent repository, clinical trial and regulatory updates on hydrogel: An extensive review." Gels, Vol. 7 (No. 4), p. 207, (2021).
26- Bram Zoetebier, Tara C Schmitz, Keita Ito, Marcel Karperien, Marianna A Tryfonidou, and Julieta I Paez, "Injectable hydrogels for articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus repair: Status quo and prospects." Tissue Engineering Part A, Vol. 28 (No. 11-12), pp. 478-99, (2022).
27- Killian Flégeau et al., "Toward the development of biomimetic injectable and macroporous biohydrogels for regenerative medicine." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 247, pp. 589-609, (2017).
28- Jacquelin Peck et al., "A comprehensive review of viscosupplementation in osteoarthritis of the knee." Orthopedic Reviews, Vol. 13 (No. 2), (2021).
29- Carlos Gavín et al., "One-year, efficacy and safety open label study, with a single injection of a new hyaluronan for knee OA: the SOYA trial." Journal of Pain Research, pp. 2229-37, (2021).
30- Namasivaya Naveen Shanmuga Sundaram, "Carbon fiber–polyetheretherketone-reinforced PVA composites for bone graft applications." Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials, Vol. 12 (No. 4), pp. 163-69, (2023).
31- Jason Trang, Jennifer Kos, and William Sears, "Experience With Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Review of 1019 Procedures." International Journal of Spine Surgery, Vol. 17 (No. 1), pp. 86-94, (2023).
32- Banafsheh Safari, Ayuob Aghanejad, Jamileh Kadkhoda, Marziyeh Aghazade, Leila Roshangar, and Soodabeh Davaran, "Biofunctional phosphorylated magnetic scaffold for bone tissue engineering." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Vol. 211, p. 112284, (2022).
33- Sudip Mukherjee, "Recent Clinical Trials on Immunomodulatory Biomaterials Applications." in Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advancements: Springer, (2024), pp. 79-86.
34- Giada Cattelan et al., "Alginate formulations: current developments in the race for hydrogel-based cardiac regeneration." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol. 8, p. 414, (2020).
35- Shino Bay Aguilera, Alec McCarthy, Saami Khalifian, Z Paul Lorenc, Kate Goldie, and W Gregory Chernoff, "The role of calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) as a regenerative aesthetic treatment: a narrative review." Aesthetic Surgery Journal, Vol. 43 (No. 10), pp. 1063-90, (2023).
36- Si Gou et al., "Injectable Hyaluronan-Based Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Dermatological Applications." Pharmaceutics, Vol. 15 (No. 6), p. 1708, (2023).
37- Scott Km Barr, Arie Benchetrit, Mariusz Sapijaszko, and Anneke Andriessen, "Clinical evaluation of a cross-linked hyaluronic Acid dermal filler applied for facial augmentation." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD, Vol. 14 (No. 1), pp. 19-23, (2015).
38- Jimmy Faivre, Mélanie Gallet, Elodie Tremblais, Patrick Trévidic, and François Bourdon, "Advanced concepts in rheology for the evaluation of hyaluronic acid–based soft tissue fillers." Dermatologic Surgery, Vol. 47 (No. 5), p. e159, (2021).
39- Johanna Olson-Kennedy, Laer H Streeter, Robert Garofalo, Yee-Ming Chan, and Stephen M Rosenthal, "Histrelin implants for suppression of puberty in youth with gender dysphoria: a comparison of 50 mcg/day (Vantas) and 65 mcg/day (SupprelinLA)." Transgender Health, Vol. 6 (No. 1), pp. 36-42, (2021).
40- Alireza Aminsharifi, Srinath Kotamarti, David Silver, and Ariel Schulman, "Major complications and adverse events related to the injection of the SpaceOAR hydrogel system before radiotherapy for prostate cancer: review of the manufacturer and user facility device experience database." Journal of Endourology, Vol. 33 (No. 10), pp. 868-71, (2019).
41- Nigel Armstrong et al., "SpaceOAR hydrogel spacer for reducing radiation toxicity during radiotherapy for prostate cancer. A systematic review." Urology, Vol. 156pp. e74-e85, (2021).
42- Eric M Anderson et al., "A radiopaque polymer hydrogel as an irreversible electroporation compatible fiducial marker for pancreas stereotactic body radiotherapy." Journal of Radiosurgery and SBRT, Vol. 7 (No. 2), p. 165, (2020).
43- H Henry Lai, Eric A Hurtado, and Rodney A Appell, "Large urethral prolapse formation after calcium hydroxylapatite (Coaptite) injection." International Urogynecology Journal, Vol. 19pp. 1315-17, (2008).
44- Anushuya Devi Kasi, Vasilios Pergialiotis, Despina N Perrea, Azar Khunda, and Stergios K Doumouchtsis, "Polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid®) for stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review of the literature." International Urogynecology Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 367-75, (2016).
45- Alois Martan, Jaromir Masata, Kamil Svabík, and Jan Krhut, "Transurethral injection of polyacrylamide hydrogel (Bulkamid®) for the treatment of female stress or mixed urinary incontinence." European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Vol. 178, pp. 199-202, (2014).
46- FA Mithani and S Bujarski, "Utilization of BioSentry Tract Sealant System Reduces the Rate of Post-biopsy Pneumothoraces." in A30. ALL THINGS INTERVENTIONAL PULMONARY A LIVELY POSTER DISCUSSION: American Thoracic Society, (2023), pp. A1271-A71.
47- Shimwoo Lee et al., "CT-Guided Lung Biopsy: Reduction of Patient Recovery Time and Cost with Use of A Hydrogel Plug." Am. J. Biomed. Sci. Res, Vol. 11(2021).
48- Maryam Tamaddon et al., "Osteochondral scaffolds for early treatment of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic joints: from bench to clinic." Biomaterials Translational, Vol. 1 (No. 1), p. 3, (2020).
49- Yogendra Pratap Singh, Joseph Christakiran Moses, Nandana Bhardwaj, and Biman B Mandal, "Injectable hydrogels: a new paradigm for osteochondral tissue engineering." Journal of Materials Chemistry B, Vol. 6 (No. 35), pp. 5499-529, (2018).
50- Pierre Mainil-Varlet, Antonella Schiavinato, and Murielle Marie Ganster, "Efficacy evaluation of a new hyaluronan derivative HYADD® 4-G to maintain cartilage integrity in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis." Cartilage, Vol. 4 (No. 1), pp. 28-41, (2013).
51- Atsuya Watanabe, Pierre Mainil-Varlet, Adeline Decambron, Caroline Aschinger, and Antonella Schiavinato, "Efficacy of HYADD® 4-G single intra-discal injections in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, Vol. 30 (No. 4), pp. 403-17, (2019).
52- Yaodong Zhao et al., "Double Cross‐Linked Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid‐Based Hydrogels with Thermo‐Stimulated Self‐Contraction and Tissue Adhesiveness for Accelerating Post‐Wound Closure and Wound Healing." Advanced Functional Materials, p. 2300710, (2023).
53- H Bliddal, A Overgaard, A Hartkopp, J Beier, PG Conaghan, and M Henriksen, "Polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for knee osteoarthritis: a 6-month prospective study." Journal of Orthopedic Research and Therapy, Vol. 6 (No. 2), (2021).
54- Gottfried Lemperle, Vera Morhenn, and Ulrich Charrier, "Human histology and persistence of various injectable filler substances for soft tissue augmentation." Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Vol. 44, pp. 1348-60, (2020).
55- Diego Cárdenas Rojas, María Patricia Arias, and Diego Duque, "EVALUATION OF AN INTRARTICULAR POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE DISTAL JOINTS OF THE TARSUS IN HORSES."
56- Bilim Aldamuratovich Terebaev and Shakhnoza Rustamovna Abzalova, "Morphological Features of the Drugs used in Treatment of Anal Incontinence." Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, pp. 6409–16-09–16, (2021).
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 3 (2026) | |
| Section | Literature (Narrative) Review(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v13i3.22756 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Injectable Hydrogels Clinical Trials Tissue Engineering | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
S NN, Srikannan D, B U. Injectable Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review of the Current Clinical Landscape. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2026;13(3):841-852.
