Original Article

The Influence of Different Types of Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Bond Strength of Zirconia (An in Vitro Study)

Abstract

Purpose: Evaluating the effects of different surface treatments on the zirconia surface and resin cement adhesive strength.

Materials and Methods: Using an STL file, 60 monolithic zirconia discs (Vita YZ HT) with dimensions of 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were produced. They were machined, and sintered, and the surface was smoothed using 600, 800, and 1200 grit aluminum oxide (Al2O3) paper. Four groups were created based on the surface treatment applied to the discs: no treatment (control), sandblasting, potassium hydrogen difluoride, and Zircos-E solution. Resin cement cylinders (Panavia V5; Kuraray Noritake) were applied on zirconia discs using a custom mold. The shear bond strength was assessed after thermocycling. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been utilized to analyze the morphological alterations of a specimen from every group. The results were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey's test (P < 0.05).

Results: The data analysis revealed that airborne particle abrasion with 50-µm Al2O3 produced the greatest shear bond strength values that were recorded at 128.933 ± 2.764Mpa. At 50.933 ± 9.573 Mpa, the control group's results were the lowest. There was a statistically significant increase in the shear bond strength values (p<0.05) when 50-µm Al2O3 was utilized in airborne particle abrasion.

Conclusion: Surface treatments increased the adhesive strength between zirconia and resin cement, and airborne particle abrasion with 50-µm Al2O3 was shown to be a useful technique for bond strength enhancement.

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IssueVol 13 No 3 (2026) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v13i3.22736
Keywords
Zirconia surface treatments; Potassium hydrogen difluoride; CAD‑CAM; Shear bond strength; CAD‑CAM; Monolithic zirconia.
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Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Al-Qaraghuli AM, K. Gholam M. The Influence of Different Types of Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Bond Strength of Zirconia (An in Vitro Study). Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2026;13(3):641-648.