The Future of Surgery: Embracing Robotic Systems in Surgical Practice
,
Abstract
Robotic surgery has transitioned from phenomenon to norm in the medical field, particularly in minimally invasive surgery. Robotic-assisted surgery offers greater precision, quicker recovery, and better patient outcomes, but issues like astronomical costs, technical issues, and ethical issues prevent its adoption. Robotic surgery's advantages—greater precision, less invasive procedures, and better clinical outcomes—are outlined here while addressing issues to its adoption. New technologies like AI integration, autonomous technology, and tele-surgery are revolutionary but will have to be accompanied by strong regulatory frameworks. Technologists', clinicians', and policy makers' collaboration is important to patient safety and equitable access as robot surgery advances.
1- Y. Rivero-Moreno et al., “Autonomous Robotic Surgery: Has the Future Arrived?,” Cureus, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–10, (2024), doi: 10.7759/cureus.52243.
2- I. Andras et al., “Artificial intelligence and robotics: a combination that is changing the operating room,” World Journal of Urology, vol. 38, no. 10. pp. 2359–2366, (2020). doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-03037-6.
3- J. Grasso, “Robot-assisted surgery: Past, present, and future,” Digit. Heal. Telemed. Beyond, pp. 171–186, (2025), doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-23901-4.00012-X.
4- Y. Rivero-Moreno et al., “Robotic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature and Current Trends,” Cureus, (2023), doi: 10.7759/cureus.42370.
5- E. P. Rabinovich, S. Capek, J. S. Kumar, and M. S. Park, “Tele-robotics and artificial-intelligence in stroke care,” Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 79, pp. 129–132, (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.125.
6- X. Sun, J. Okamoto, K. Masamune, and Y. Muragaki, “Robotic Technology in Operating Rooms: a Review,” Curr. Robot. Reports, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 333–341, (2021), doi: 10.1007/s43154-021-00055-4.
7- F. H. Ghaderi M, Chehre H, “Design and Implementation of a Novel Double-Layered Wavy Mattress for the Prevention and Recovery of Pressure Ulcers: A Feasibility Study,” vol. 13, no. 5, October 2023, pp. 489–494, (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2305-1617.
8- S. Chatterjee, S. Das, K. Ganguly, and D. Mandal, “Advancements in robotic surgery: innovations, challenges and future prospects,” J. Robot. Surg., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–11, (2024), doi: 10.1007/s11701-023-01801-w.
9- A. Mirbagheri, F. Farahmand, S. Sarkar, A. Alamdar, M. Moradi, and E. Afshari, “The Sina Robotic Telesurgery System,” in Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery, Elsevier, (2020), pp. 107–121. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814245-5.00007-4.
10- R. S. A. B. Perspective, “1 , 2 , 3 , 4*,” vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 3037–3091, (2025).
11- E. Ibrahim et al., “Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Minimally Invasive and Complex Surgical Procedures : A Systematic Review,” vol. 17, no. 3, (2025), doi: 10.7759/cureus 81339.
12- R. James, N. A. Kyi, P. Nyein, and E. Huang, “Trust, autonomy, and teaching dynamics in robotic surgery : A mixed-methods study,” Glob. Surg. Educ. - J. Assoc. Surg. Educ., vol. 7, (2025), doi: 10.1007/s44186-024-00341-7.
13- C. Guo, Y. He, Z. Shi, and L. Wang, “Artificial intelligence in surgical medicine : a brief review,” pp. 2180–2186, (2024).
14- H. Schreuder and R. Verheijen, “Robotic surgery,” BJOG An Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 198–213, (2009), doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02038.x.
15- M. Diana and J. Marescaux, “Robotic surgery,” British Journal of Surgery, vol.. 102, no. 2. (2015). doi: 10.1002/bjs.9711.
16- N. Pakkasjärvi, T. Luthra, and S. Anand, “Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Learning,” Surgeries (Switzerland), vol. 4, no. 1. pp. 86–97, (2023). doi: 10.3390/surgeries4010010.
17- T. Lane, “A short history of robotic surgery,” Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl., vol. 100, no. 6_sup, pp. 5–7, (2018), doi: 10.1308/rcsann.supp1.5.
18- G. T. Sung and I. S. Gill, “Robotic laparoscopic surgery: a comparison of the da Vinci and Zeus systems,” Urology, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 893–898, (2001), doi: 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01423-6.
2- I. Andras et al., “Artificial intelligence and robotics: a combination that is changing the operating room,” World Journal of Urology, vol. 38, no. 10. pp. 2359–2366, (2020). doi: 10.1007/s00345-019-03037-6.
3- J. Grasso, “Robot-assisted surgery: Past, present, and future,” Digit. Heal. Telemed. Beyond, pp. 171–186, (2025), doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-23901-4.00012-X.
4- Y. Rivero-Moreno et al., “Robotic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature and Current Trends,” Cureus, (2023), doi: 10.7759/cureus.42370.
5- E. P. Rabinovich, S. Capek, J. S. Kumar, and M. S. Park, “Tele-robotics and artificial-intelligence in stroke care,” Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, vol. 79, pp. 129–132, (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.125.
6- X. Sun, J. Okamoto, K. Masamune, and Y. Muragaki, “Robotic Technology in Operating Rooms: a Review,” Curr. Robot. Reports, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 333–341, (2021), doi: 10.1007/s43154-021-00055-4.
7- F. H. Ghaderi M, Chehre H, “Design and Implementation of a Novel Double-Layered Wavy Mattress for the Prevention and Recovery of Pressure Ulcers: A Feasibility Study,” vol. 13, no. 5, October 2023, pp. 489–494, (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2305-1617.
8- S. Chatterjee, S. Das, K. Ganguly, and D. Mandal, “Advancements in robotic surgery: innovations, challenges and future prospects,” J. Robot. Surg., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–11, (2024), doi: 10.1007/s11701-023-01801-w.
9- A. Mirbagheri, F. Farahmand, S. Sarkar, A. Alamdar, M. Moradi, and E. Afshari, “The Sina Robotic Telesurgery System,” in Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery, Elsevier, (2020), pp. 107–121. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814245-5.00007-4.
10- R. S. A. B. Perspective, “1 , 2 , 3 , 4*,” vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 3037–3091, (2025).
11- E. Ibrahim et al., “Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Minimally Invasive and Complex Surgical Procedures : A Systematic Review,” vol. 17, no. 3, (2025), doi: 10.7759/cureus 81339.
12- R. James, N. A. Kyi, P. Nyein, and E. Huang, “Trust, autonomy, and teaching dynamics in robotic surgery : A mixed-methods study,” Glob. Surg. Educ. - J. Assoc. Surg. Educ., vol. 7, (2025), doi: 10.1007/s44186-024-00341-7.
13- C. Guo, Y. He, Z. Shi, and L. Wang, “Artificial intelligence in surgical medicine : a brief review,” pp. 2180–2186, (2024).
14- H. Schreuder and R. Verheijen, “Robotic surgery,” BJOG An Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 198–213, (2009), doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02038.x.
15- M. Diana and J. Marescaux, “Robotic surgery,” British Journal of Surgery, vol.. 102, no. 2. (2015). doi: 10.1002/bjs.9711.
16- N. Pakkasjärvi, T. Luthra, and S. Anand, “Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Learning,” Surgeries (Switzerland), vol. 4, no. 1. pp. 86–97, (2023). doi: 10.3390/surgeries4010010.
17- T. Lane, “A short history of robotic surgery,” Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl., vol. 100, no. 6_sup, pp. 5–7, (2018), doi: 10.1308/rcsann.supp1.5.
18- G. T. Sung and I. S. Gill, “Robotic laparoscopic surgery: a comparison of the da Vinci and Zeus systems,” Urology, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 893–898, (2001), doi: 10.1016/S0090-4295(01)01423-6.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 1 (2026) | |
| Section | Short Report(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v13i1.20793 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Robot Surgeon Machine Intelligence Application of Machine Intelligence Modern Surgery | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Ghaderi M, Bakhtiarian M. The Future of Surgery: Embracing Robotic Systems in Surgical Practice. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2026;13(1):285-289.
