Evaluation of Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin Repairs with Different Adhesives and Surface Treatments
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Abstract
Purpose: In dental operations, repairing old restorations is a typical clinical procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the micro-Shear Bond Strength (µSBS) of composite resin repairs with different adhesives and surface treatments.
Materials and Methods: After preparation, ninety resin composite discs were divided into three groups of thirty at random: no surface preparation, diamond milling roughness, and sandblasting. After 5000 heat cycles, each group was randomly divided into three subgroups of Single Bond (3M), Composite Primer (GC), and Schotch Bond Universal (3M) (n = 10). One-hundred eighty composite cylinders of the new composite were prepared by squeezing the composite into a silicon tube. The samples were then subjected to 5000 heat cycles. After thermocycling, µSBS tests were done at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Tukey tests and two-way ANOVA were employed to analyze the data.
Results: In the unprepared group, the universal bond and composite primer micro-shear bond strength were significantly higher than the single bond group (p < 0.05). In the milling group, the universal bond micro-shear bond strength was significantly higher than the composite primer and single bond group (p < 0.05). In the sandblasted group there were no significant differences in μSBS among adhesives. In single bond adhesive, the micro-shear bond strength of milling was significantly greater than the sandblasted and unprepared groups (p < 0.05). In the universal adhesive group, the micro-shear bond strength of the milling group was significantly higher than the sandblasted and unprepared groups (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The type of adhesive and the method of surface preparation have an impact on micro-shear bond strength. The greatest micro-shear bond strength was demonstrated by universal bond application combined with milling roughening.
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2- H Vankerckhoven, Paul Lambrechts, Marcel Van Beylen, CL Davidson, and Guido Vanherle, "Unreacted methacrylate groups on the surfaces of composite resins." Journal of dental research, Vol. 61 (No. 6), pp. 791-96, (1982).
3- CH Lloyd, DA Baigrie, and IW Jeffrey, "The tensile strength of composite repairs." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 8 (No. 2), pp. 171-77, (1980).
4- DB Boyer, KC Chan, and JW Reinhardt, "Build-up and repair of light-cured composites: bond strength." Journal of dental research, Vol. 63 (No. 10), pp. 1241-44, (1984).
5- P Burtscher, "Stability of radicals in cured composite materials." Dental Materials, Vol. 9 (No. 4), pp. 218-21, (1993).
6- SDea Heintze, Monika Forjanic, Khalid Ohmiti, and Valentin Rousson, "Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load." Dental Materials, Vol. 26 (No. 4), pp. 306-19, (2010).
7- Reinhard Hickel, Katrin Brüshaver, and Nicoleta Ilie, "Repair of restorations–criteria for decision making and clinical recommendations." Dental Materials, Vol. 29 (No. 1), pp. 28-50, (2013).
8- Flávio F Demarco, Marcos B Corrêa, Maximiliano S Cenci, Rafael R Moraes, and Niek JM Opdam, "Longevity of posterior composite restorations: not only a matter of materials." Dental Materials, Vol. 28 (No. 1), pp. 87-101, (2012).
9- Lisia L Valente, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, Ana P Goncalves, Eduardo Fernandez, Bas Loomans, and Rafael R Moraes, "Repair bond strength of dental composites: systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 69pp. 15-26, (2016).
10- CW Turner and JC Meiers, "Repair of an aged, contaminated indirect composite resin with a direct, visible-light-cured composite resin." Operative Dentistry, Vol. 18 (No. 5), pp. 187-94, (1993).
11- P Azarbal, DB Boyer, and KC Chan, "The effect of bonding agents on the interfacial bond strength of repaired composites." Dental Materials, Vol. 2 (No. 4), pp. 153-55, (1986).
12- Muhittin Ugurlu, Nadin Al-Haj Husain, and Mutlu Özcan, "Repair of bulk-fill and nanohybrid resin composites: effect of surface conditioning, adhesive promoters, and long-term aging." Materials, Vol. 15 (No. 13), p. 4688, (2022).
13- Ladan Eslamian, Ali Borzabadi-Farahani, Nasin Mousavi, and Amir Ghasemi, "The effects of various surface treatments on the shear bond strengths of stainless steel brackets to artificially-aged composite restorations." Australasian Orthodontic Journal, Vol. 27 (No. 1), pp. 28-32, (2011).
14- Sara Valizadeh, Sima Shahabi, Mohammad Zare, Marcos Daniel Septímio Lanza, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri, and Adel Moslemi, "Effect of cold plasma spray on microshear bond strength of repair composite resin in comparison with other surface treatments." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, Vol. 35 (No. 3), pp. 313-24, (2021).
15- KT Unais, "Evaluation of Stiffness and Plastic Deformation of different Clips/Springs of Self Ligating Brackets after Repetitive Opening and Closure Movements." KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, (2019).
16- Esra Uzer Çelik, Zeynep Ergücü, L Sebnem Türkün, and Utku Kursat Ercan, "Tensile bond strength of an aged resin composite repaired with different protocols." J Adhes Dent, Vol. 13 (No. 4), pp. 359-66, (2011).
17- Shu-Fen Chuang, Ying-Tai Jin, Jia-Kuang Liu, Chih-Han Chang, and Dah-Bin Shieh, "Influence of flowable composite lining thickness on Class II composite restorations." OPERATIVE DENTISTRY-UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON-, Vol. 29pp. 301-08, (2004).
18- Mohamed F Haridy and Hend S Ahmed, "Effect of different repair protocols on the micro-shear bond strength of different repair materials to indirect co posite blocks." Egyptian Dental Journal, Vol. 65 (No. 2-April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)), pp. 1883-96, (2019).
19- Qingge Wang et al., "Multi-scale surface treatments of titanium implants for rapid osseointegration: a review." Nanomaterials, Vol. 10 (No. 6), p. 1244, (2020).
20- Hermano Nóbrega Macedo Neto et al., "Scoping review: Effect of surface treatments on bond strength of resin composite repair." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 140p. 104737, (2024).
21- Nurcan Ozakar Ilday, Omer Sagsoz, Ozcan Karatas, Yusuf Ziya Bayindir, and Verda Turel Rifaioglu, "Dentin Bonding Performance and Nanoleakage Properties of Universal Adhesives in Different Etching Modes." Saudi J. Oral. Dent. Res, Vol. 1 (No. 3), pp. 137-46, (2016).
22- Amr S Fawzy, Farid S El-Askary, and Mohamed A Amer, "Effect of surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of repaired water-aged anterior restorative micro-fine hybrid resin composite." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 36 (No. 12), pp. 969-76, (2008).
23- Azam Valian, Marzieh Nejatifard, Elham Moravej Salehi, and Fatemeh Jamali, "Evaluation of Surface Preparations Combined With Different Generations of Bonding on the Bond Strength of Resin Composite Repair: An Original Article." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 12 (No. 1), pp. 2-7, (2020).
24- Maryam Ghavam, Maryam Naeemi, Sedighe-Sadat Hashemikamangar, Hooman Ebrahimi, and Mohammad-Javad Kharazifard, "Repair bond strength of composite: Effect of surface treatment and type of composite." Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, Vol. 10 (No. 6), p. e520, (2018).
25- Leila Nasiry Khanlar et al., "Effect of air‐particle abrasion protocol and primer on the topography and bond strength of a high‐translucent zirconia ceramic." Journal of Prosthodontics, Vol. 31 (No. 3), pp. 228-38, (2022).
26- JP Matinlinna, LVJ Lassila, and PK Vallittu, "The effect of a novel silane blend system on resin bond strength to silica-coated Ti substrate." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 34 (No. 7), pp. 436-43, (2006).
27- Jeffrey Y Thompson, Brian R Stoner, Jeffrey R Piascik, and Robert Smith, "Adhesion/cementation to zirconia and other non-silicate ceramics: where are we now?" Dental Materials, Vol. 27 (No. 1), pp. 71-82, (2011).
28- Renata Garcia Fonseca, Samira Branco Martins, Filipe de Oliveira Abi-Rached, and Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz, "Effect of different airborne-particle abrasion/bonding agent combinations on the bond strength of a resin cement to a base metal alloy." The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Vol. 108 (No. 5), pp. 316-23, (2012).
29- Laura Teixeira Mendes, Bas AC Loomans, Niek JM Opdam, Carolina Lopes da Silva, Luciano Casagrande, and Tathiane Larissa Lenzi, "Silane Coupling Agents are Beneficial for Resin Composite Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies." Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, Vol. 22 (No. 5), (2020).
30- Hoda Pouyanfar, Elaheh Seyed Tabaii, Samaneh Aghazadeh, Seyyed Pedram Tabatabaei Navaei Nobari, and Mohammad Moslem Imani, "Microtensile bond strength of composite to enamel using universal adhesive with/without acid etching compared to etch and rinse and self-etch bonding agents." Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, Vol. 6 (No. 11), p. 2186, (2018).
31- Pinar Altinci, Murat Mutluay, and Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay, "Repair bond strength of nanohybrid composite resins with a universal adhesive." Acta biomaterialia odontologica Scandinavica, Vol. 4 (No. 1), pp. 10-19, (2018).
32- Ghazaleh Ahmadizenouz et al., "Effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of nanofilled composite repairs." Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects, Vol. 10 (No. 1), p. 9, (2016).
33- Isabelle A Fornazari, I Wille, EM Meda, RT Brum, and EM Souza, "Effect of surface treatment, silane, and universal adhesive on microshear bond strength of nanofilled composite repairs." Operative Dentistry, Vol. 42 (No. 4), pp. 367-74, (2017).
34- M Hemadri, G Saritha, V Rajasekhar, K Amit Pachlag, R Purushotham, and Veera Kishore Kumar Reddy, "Shear bond strength of repaired composites using surface treatments and repair materials: an in vitro study." Journal of international oral health: JIOH, Vol. 6 (No. 6), p. 22, (2014).
35- Shaloo Gupta, Abhishek Parolia, Ashish Jain, M Kundabala, Mandakini Mohan, and Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto, "A comparative effect of various surface chemical treatments on the resin composite-composite repair bond strength." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vol. 33 (No. 3), pp. 245-49, (2015).
2- H Vankerckhoven, Paul Lambrechts, Marcel Van Beylen, CL Davidson, and Guido Vanherle, "Unreacted methacrylate groups on the surfaces of composite resins." Journal of dental research, Vol. 61 (No. 6), pp. 791-96, (1982).
3- CH Lloyd, DA Baigrie, and IW Jeffrey, "The tensile strength of composite repairs." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 8 (No. 2), pp. 171-77, (1980).
4- DB Boyer, KC Chan, and JW Reinhardt, "Build-up and repair of light-cured composites: bond strength." Journal of dental research, Vol. 63 (No. 10), pp. 1241-44, (1984).
5- P Burtscher, "Stability of radicals in cured composite materials." Dental Materials, Vol. 9 (No. 4), pp. 218-21, (1993).
6- SDea Heintze, Monika Forjanic, Khalid Ohmiti, and Valentin Rousson, "Surface deterioration of dental materials after simulated toothbrushing in relation to brushing time and load." Dental Materials, Vol. 26 (No. 4), pp. 306-19, (2010).
7- Reinhard Hickel, Katrin Brüshaver, and Nicoleta Ilie, "Repair of restorations–criteria for decision making and clinical recommendations." Dental Materials, Vol. 29 (No. 1), pp. 28-50, (2013).
8- Flávio F Demarco, Marcos B Corrêa, Maximiliano S Cenci, Rafael R Moraes, and Niek JM Opdam, "Longevity of posterior composite restorations: not only a matter of materials." Dental Materials, Vol. 28 (No. 1), pp. 87-101, (2012).
9- Lisia L Valente, Rafael Sarkis-Onofre, Ana P Goncalves, Eduardo Fernandez, Bas Loomans, and Rafael R Moraes, "Repair bond strength of dental composites: systematic review and meta-analysis." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 69pp. 15-26, (2016).
10- CW Turner and JC Meiers, "Repair of an aged, contaminated indirect composite resin with a direct, visible-light-cured composite resin." Operative Dentistry, Vol. 18 (No. 5), pp. 187-94, (1993).
11- P Azarbal, DB Boyer, and KC Chan, "The effect of bonding agents on the interfacial bond strength of repaired composites." Dental Materials, Vol. 2 (No. 4), pp. 153-55, (1986).
12- Muhittin Ugurlu, Nadin Al-Haj Husain, and Mutlu Özcan, "Repair of bulk-fill and nanohybrid resin composites: effect of surface conditioning, adhesive promoters, and long-term aging." Materials, Vol. 15 (No. 13), p. 4688, (2022).
13- Ladan Eslamian, Ali Borzabadi-Farahani, Nasin Mousavi, and Amir Ghasemi, "The effects of various surface treatments on the shear bond strengths of stainless steel brackets to artificially-aged composite restorations." Australasian Orthodontic Journal, Vol. 27 (No. 1), pp. 28-32, (2011).
14- Sara Valizadeh, Sima Shahabi, Mohammad Zare, Marcos Daniel Septímio Lanza, Ahmad Reza Shamshiri, and Adel Moslemi, "Effect of cold plasma spray on microshear bond strength of repair composite resin in comparison with other surface treatments." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, Vol. 35 (No. 3), pp. 313-24, (2021).
15- KT Unais, "Evaluation of Stiffness and Plastic Deformation of different Clips/Springs of Self Ligating Brackets after Repetitive Opening and Closure Movements." KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tiruchengode, (2019).
16- Esra Uzer Çelik, Zeynep Ergücü, L Sebnem Türkün, and Utku Kursat Ercan, "Tensile bond strength of an aged resin composite repaired with different protocols." J Adhes Dent, Vol. 13 (No. 4), pp. 359-66, (2011).
17- Shu-Fen Chuang, Ying-Tai Jin, Jia-Kuang Liu, Chih-Han Chang, and Dah-Bin Shieh, "Influence of flowable composite lining thickness on Class II composite restorations." OPERATIVE DENTISTRY-UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON-, Vol. 29pp. 301-08, (2004).
18- Mohamed F Haridy and Hend S Ahmed, "Effect of different repair protocols on the micro-shear bond strength of different repair materials to indirect co posite blocks." Egyptian Dental Journal, Vol. 65 (No. 2-April (Fixed Prosthodontics, Dental Materials, Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics)), pp. 1883-96, (2019).
19- Qingge Wang et al., "Multi-scale surface treatments of titanium implants for rapid osseointegration: a review." Nanomaterials, Vol. 10 (No. 6), p. 1244, (2020).
20- Hermano Nóbrega Macedo Neto et al., "Scoping review: Effect of surface treatments on bond strength of resin composite repair." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 140p. 104737, (2024).
21- Nurcan Ozakar Ilday, Omer Sagsoz, Ozcan Karatas, Yusuf Ziya Bayindir, and Verda Turel Rifaioglu, "Dentin Bonding Performance and Nanoleakage Properties of Universal Adhesives in Different Etching Modes." Saudi J. Oral. Dent. Res, Vol. 1 (No. 3), pp. 137-46, (2016).
22- Amr S Fawzy, Farid S El-Askary, and Mohamed A Amer, "Effect of surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of repaired water-aged anterior restorative micro-fine hybrid resin composite." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 36 (No. 12), pp. 969-76, (2008).
23- Azam Valian, Marzieh Nejatifard, Elham Moravej Salehi, and Fatemeh Jamali, "Evaluation of Surface Preparations Combined With Different Generations of Bonding on the Bond Strength of Resin Composite Repair: An Original Article." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 12 (No. 1), pp. 2-7, (2020).
24- Maryam Ghavam, Maryam Naeemi, Sedighe-Sadat Hashemikamangar, Hooman Ebrahimi, and Mohammad-Javad Kharazifard, "Repair bond strength of composite: Effect of surface treatment and type of composite." Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, Vol. 10 (No. 6), p. e520, (2018).
25- Leila Nasiry Khanlar et al., "Effect of air‐particle abrasion protocol and primer on the topography and bond strength of a high‐translucent zirconia ceramic." Journal of Prosthodontics, Vol. 31 (No. 3), pp. 228-38, (2022).
26- JP Matinlinna, LVJ Lassila, and PK Vallittu, "The effect of a novel silane blend system on resin bond strength to silica-coated Ti substrate." Journal of dentistry, Vol. 34 (No. 7), pp. 436-43, (2006).
27- Jeffrey Y Thompson, Brian R Stoner, Jeffrey R Piascik, and Robert Smith, "Adhesion/cementation to zirconia and other non-silicate ceramics: where are we now?" Dental Materials, Vol. 27 (No. 1), pp. 71-82, (2011).
28- Renata Garcia Fonseca, Samira Branco Martins, Filipe de Oliveira Abi-Rached, and Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz, "Effect of different airborne-particle abrasion/bonding agent combinations on the bond strength of a resin cement to a base metal alloy." The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Vol. 108 (No. 5), pp. 316-23, (2012).
29- Laura Teixeira Mendes, Bas AC Loomans, Niek JM Opdam, Carolina Lopes da Silva, Luciano Casagrande, and Tathiane Larissa Lenzi, "Silane Coupling Agents are Beneficial for Resin Composite Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies." Journal of Adhesive Dentistry, Vol. 22 (No. 5), (2020).
30- Hoda Pouyanfar, Elaheh Seyed Tabaii, Samaneh Aghazadeh, Seyyed Pedram Tabatabaei Navaei Nobari, and Mohammad Moslem Imani, "Microtensile bond strength of composite to enamel using universal adhesive with/without acid etching compared to etch and rinse and self-etch bonding agents." Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, Vol. 6 (No. 11), p. 2186, (2018).
31- Pinar Altinci, Murat Mutluay, and Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay, "Repair bond strength of nanohybrid composite resins with a universal adhesive." Acta biomaterialia odontologica Scandinavica, Vol. 4 (No. 1), pp. 10-19, (2018).
32- Ghazaleh Ahmadizenouz et al., "Effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of nanofilled composite repairs." Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects, Vol. 10 (No. 1), p. 9, (2016).
33- Isabelle A Fornazari, I Wille, EM Meda, RT Brum, and EM Souza, "Effect of surface treatment, silane, and universal adhesive on microshear bond strength of nanofilled composite repairs." Operative Dentistry, Vol. 42 (No. 4), pp. 367-74, (2017).
34- M Hemadri, G Saritha, V Rajasekhar, K Amit Pachlag, R Purushotham, and Veera Kishore Kumar Reddy, "Shear bond strength of repaired composites using surface treatments and repair materials: an in vitro study." Journal of international oral health: JIOH, Vol. 6 (No. 6), p. 22, (2014).
35- Shaloo Gupta, Abhishek Parolia, Ashish Jain, M Kundabala, Mandakini Mohan, and Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto, "A comparative effect of various surface chemical treatments on the resin composite-composite repair bond strength." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vol. 33 (No. 3), pp. 245-49, (2015).
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| Issue | Vol 13 No 1 (2026) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v13i1.20769 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Universal Adhesive Bond Strength Milling Roughness Surface Treatment Resin-Based Composites | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Soltanian N, Divanpour V, Ranjbar Omidi B, Mirzadeh M. Evaluation of Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin Repairs with Different Adhesives and Surface Treatments. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2026;13(1):95-103.
