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Effect of diabetes on Amniotic fluid index: A sonographic case-control Study

Effect of diabetes on Amniotic fluid index

Abstract

Background: Patients with diabetes are more likely to develop polyhydramnios. The rate of Polyhydramnios among diabetic patients is ascending when contrasted with non-diabetic patients.

Objective: To compare the amniotic fluid index of diabetics and non-diabetics using sonography.

Methods: 200 people participated in a case-control study, 100 of whom were diabetic and the other 100 were non-diabetic. Toshiba XARIO XG was used in the study at the university ultrasound clinic in Green Town. It has a convex probe of 3.5-7.5 MHz frequency. All patients with diabetes and gestational diabetes of age 18-45 years are included during 2nd & 3rd trimesters. Any underlying pathologies like hypertension, multiple gestations were excluded in this study. SPSS version 25.0 was utilized for the analysis of the data.

 Results: The mean amniotic fluid index in diabetics and non-diabetics was 21.19 and 13.20 respectively.  In both diabetics and non-diabetics, the amniotic fluid index was found to be statistically significant (p=0.000). The chi-square analysis shows a significant association between AFI category and diabetes status. With the Diabetic group having a higher proportion of cases with Polyhydramnios AFI category and a lower proportion of cases with Normal AFI category compared to the Non-diabetic group. The mean estimated fetal weight in diabetics and non-diabetics was 1341.64 and 1372.53 respectively. Result shows that there was no significant difference in the estimated weight of the fetus between diabetic and non-diabetic females (p=0.088).

Conclusions: Study concluded that diabetes during pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in amniotic fluid levels, leading to a higher likelihood of polyhydramnios.

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Keywords
Amniotic fluid index diabetes polyhydramnios ultrasonography oligohydramnios
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1.
Masood K, Farooq SMY, Fatima H, Naqvi SMR, Amna M, khushi A, Riaz RM, Javed RS. Effect of diabetes on Amniotic fluid index: A sonographic case-control Study. Frontiers Biomed Technol. 2025;.